Institution
University of Vermont
Education•Burlington, Vermont, United States•
About: University of Vermont is a education organization based out in Burlington, Vermont, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 17592 authors who have published 38251 publications receiving 1609874 citations. The organization is also known as: UVM & University of Vermont and State Agricultural College.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, a basin-scale approach for interpreting the abundance of in situ produced cosmogenic isotopes is proposed, which considers explicitly both the isotope and sediment flux through a drainage basin.
Abstract: We propose, as a testable hypothesis, a basin-scale approach for interpreting the abundance of in situ produced cosmogenic isotopes, an approach which considers explicitly both the isotope and sediment flux through a drainage basin. Unlike most existing models, which are appropriate for evaluating in situ produced cosmogenic isotope abundance at discrete points on Earth’s surface, our model is designed for interpreting isotope abundance in sediment. Because sediment is a mixture of materials, in favourable cases derived from throughout a drainage basin, we suggest that measured isotope abundances may reflect spatially averaged rates of erosion. We investigate the assumptions and behaviour of our model and conclude that it could provide geomorphologists with a relatively simple means by which to constrain the rate of landscape evolution if a basin is in isotopic steady state and if sampled sediments are well mixed.
399 citations
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Daniel S. Karp1, Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer2, Timothy D. Meehan3, Emily A. Martin4 +153 more•Institutions (81)
TL;DR: Analysis of the largest pest-control database of its kind shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others.
Abstract: The idea that noncrop habitat enhances pest control and represents a win-win opportunity to conserve biodiversity and bolster yields has emerged as an agroecological paradigm. However, while noncrop habitat in landscapes surrounding farms sometimes benefits pest predators, natural enemy responses remain heterogeneous across studies and effects on pests are inconclusive. The observed heterogeneity in species responses to noncrop habitat may be biological in origin or could result from variation in how habitat and biocontrol are measured. Here, we use a pest-control database encompassing 132 studies and 6,759 sites worldwide to model natural enemy and pest abundances, predation rates, and crop damage as a function of landscape composition. Our results showed that although landscape composition explained significant variation within studies, pest and enemy abundances, predation rates, crop damage, and yields each exhibited different responses across studies, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing in landscapes with more noncrop habitat but overall showing no consistent trend. Thus, models that used landscape-composition variables to predict pest-control dynamics demonstrated little potential to explain variation across studies, though prediction did improve when comparing studies with similar crop and landscape features. Overall, our work shows that surrounding noncrop habitat does not consistently improve pest management, meaning habitat conservation may bolster production in some systems and depress yields in others. Future efforts to develop tools that inform farmers when habitat conservation truly represents a win-win would benefit from increased understanding of how landscape effects are modulated by local farm management and the biology of pests and their enemies.
398 citations
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BirdLife International1, United Nations Environment Programme2, National Centre for Biological Sciences3, UNESCO4, The Nature Conservancy5, NatureServe6, University of the Philippines Los Baños7, University of Tasmania8, University of Copenhagen9, World Wide Fund for Nature10, Conservation International11, University of Queensland12, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources13, University of Pennsylvania14, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds15, American Bird Conservancy16, University of Vermont17, Parks Canada18
TL;DR: While appropriately located PAs may slow the rate at which species are driven towards extinction, recent PA network expansion has under-represented important sites, and better targeted expansion of PA networks would help to improve biodiversity trends.
Abstract: Protected areas (PAs) are a cornerstone of conservation efforts and now cover nearly 13% of the world’s land surface, with the world’s governments committed to expand this to 17%. However, as biodiversity continues to decline, the effectiveness of PAs in reducing the extinction risk of species remains largely untested. We analyzed PA coverage and trends in species’ extinction risk at globally significant sites for conserving birds (10,993 Important Bird Areas, IBAs) and highly threatened vertebrates and conifers (588 Alliance for Zero Extinction sites, AZEs) (referred to collectively hereafter as ‘important sites’). Species occurring in important sites with greater PA coverage experienced smaller increases in extinction risk over recent decades: the increase was half as large for bird species with.50% of the IBAs at which they occur completely covered by PAs, and a third lower for birds, mammals and amphibians restricted to protected AZEs (compared with unprotected or partially protected sites). Globally, half of the important sites for biodiversity conservation remain unprotected (49% of IBAs, 51% of AZEs). While PA coverage of important sites has increased over time, the proportion of PA area covering important sites, as opposed to less important land, has declined (by 0.45–1.14% annually since 1950 for IBAs and 0.79–1.49% annually for AZEs). Thus, while appropriately located PAs may slow the rate at which species are driven towards extinction, recent PA network expansion has under-represented important sites. We conclude that better targeted expansion of PA networks would help to improve biodiversity trends.
398 citations
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TL;DR: The approach is novel in that it can be used to measure on important portion of the ACLs strain distribution while clinically relevant loads are applied to the knee, subjects perform rehabilitation exercises, or in the presence of different orthoses such as functional knee braces.
398 citations
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University of Chicago1, University of Vermont2, McGill University3, University of California, San Diego4, Centre national de la recherche scientifique5, University of Colorado Colorado Springs6, University of California, Riverside7, Northwestern University8, University of Lausanne9, University of Würzburg10, Weizmann Institute of Science11
TL;DR: Evidence suggests that CD95 mediates not only apoptosis but also diverse nonapoptotic functions depending on the tissue and the conditions.
396 citations
Authors
Showing all 17727 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Albert Hofman | 267 | 2530 | 321405 |
Ralph B. D'Agostino | 226 | 1287 | 229636 |
George Davey Smith | 224 | 2540 | 248373 |
Stephen V. Faraone | 188 | 1427 | 140298 |
Valentin Fuster | 179 | 1462 | 185164 |
Dennis J. Selkoe | 177 | 607 | 145825 |
Anders Björklund | 165 | 769 | 84268 |
Alfred L. Goldberg | 156 | 474 | 88296 |
Christopher P. Cannon | 151 | 1118 | 108906 |
Debbie A Lawlor | 147 | 1114 | 101123 |
Roger J. Davis | 147 | 498 | 103478 |
Andrew S. Levey | 144 | 600 | 156845 |
Jonathan G. Seidman | 137 | 563 | 89782 |
Yu Huang | 136 | 1492 | 89209 |
Christine E. Seidman | 134 | 519 | 67895 |