Showing papers in "Neurobiology of Aging in 2017"

TL;DR: The data indicate that an increase in the abundance of a pro-inflammatory GMB taxon, Escherichia/Shigella, and a reduction in the abundances of an anti-inflammatoryTaxon, E. rectale, are possibly associated with a peripheral inflammatory state in patients with cognitive impairment and brain amyloidosis.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that Aβ plaque-associated microglia are hyperreactive in their immune response and phagocytosis in the transgenic AD mice as well as in EOAD brain tissue.

TL;DR: This study precisely quantifies prior claims of reduced DA functionality with age and identifies presynaptic mechanisms (spared synthesis capacity and reduced DA transporters) that may partially account for previously unexplained phenomena whereby older adults appear to use dopaminergic resources effectively.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the recently reported AUC values for predicting of Alzheimer's disease using polygenic scores reach about 90% of the estimated maximum accuracy that can be achieved by predictors of genetic risk based on genomic profiles.

TL;DR: Investigating its role in dementia using large clinical cohorts found BBB permeability is increased in major dementia disorders but does not relate to amyloid pathology or APOE genotype, and BBB impairment may be associated with diabetes and brain microvascular damage.

TL;DR: A robust brain-cognition change-change association was observed for episodic-memory decline and atrophy in the hippocampus and this association was significant for older but not middle-aged participants and not sensitive to the assumption of ignorable attrition.

TL;DR: The NFT pathology of AD is associated with DTI alterations involving the medial temporal limbic connections and medial parietal white matter and this pattern of diffusion abnormalities is also associated with clinical disease severity.

TL;DR: It is suggested that short-term consumption of HFD can lead to memory deficits and significant brain inflammation in the aged animal, and strongly suggest that appropriate diet is crucial for cognitive health.

TL;DR: Despite different effect sizes and varying cumulative minor allele frequencies, the rare protein-truncating and missense-predicted damaging variants in TREM2, SORL1, and ABCA7 contribute similarly to the heritability of EOAD and explain between 1.1% and 1.5% of EAD heritability each.

TL;DR: It is suggested that an imbalance in nuclear and mitochondrial genome-encoded OXPHOS transcripts may drive a negative feedback loop reducing mitochondrial translation and compromising OX PHOS efficiency, which is likely to generate damaging reactive oxygen species.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the mechanism by which CR mediates the relationship between pathology and cognitive function is by delaying the onset of symptoms rather than reducing the rate of cognitive decline.

TL;DR: Low-level laser irradiation could represent a new promising therapeutic strategy for AD by alleviating a broad spectrum of Aβ-induced pathology that includes mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and tau pathology.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that circulating blood-based miRNAs will serve as biomarkers and use miRNA profiling to determine miRNA signatures from the serum of sporadic ALS patients compared to healthy controls and patients with diseases that mimic ALS.

TL;DR: The NeuroChip has a more comprehensive and improved content, which makes it a reliable, high-throughput, cost-effective screening tool for genetic research and molecular diagnostics in neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: This study indicates that DS is associated with premature structural brain aging, and that age-related alterations in brain structure are associated with individual differences in the rate of beta amyloid deposition and cognitive impairment.

TL;DR: In cohorts with long follow-up time, CSF Aβ42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau have high diagnostic accuracy for MCI due to AD, and priorities are to reduce measurement variability by introduction of fully automated assay systems and to increase diagnostic specificity toward non-AD neurocognitive diseases at the MCI stage.

TL;DR: Cognitive benefit in the BB group was associated with the presence of urinary anthocyanins reflecting recent BB intake but not with Anthocyanin metabolites, however, combined FO + BB treatment was not associated with cognitive enhancement as expected.

TL;DR: This miRNome-wide study in AD provides supportive evidence and corroborates an important contribution of miR-132/212 and corresponding target mRNAs to the pathogenesis of AD.

TL;DR: It is found that gray matter in the hippocampus and cerebellum was positively correlated with both sleep spindles and offline improvements in performance in young participants but not in older participants, suggesting that age-related changes in gray matterin the hippocampus relate to spindle and may underlie age- related deficits in sleep-related motor sequence memory consolidation.

TL;DR: It was found that in SCD patients higher delta and theta power and peak frequency were associated with clinical progression over time, and in amyloid positive subjects with normal cognition, slowing of oscillatory brain activity is related to clinical progression.

TL;DR: A machine learning-based probabilistic method designed to assess the progression to dementia within 24 months, based on the regional information from a single amyloid positron emission tomography scan, which obtained an accuracy of 84% and an under-receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91, outperforming the existing algorithms using the same biomarker measures and previous studies using multiple biomarkers.

TL;DR: It is proposed that TRAP-associated human cognitive and white matter changes involve hippocampal responses to nPM that begin at younger ages, suggesting an age-ceiling effect.

TL;DR: The MMI model in RB rats decreases Aquaporin-4 and induces glymphatic dysfunction which may play an important role in MMI-induced axonal/WM damage and cognitive deficits.

TL;DR: The main findings suggest that Ng is strongly associated with Aβ pathology, whereas NFL is more unspecific.

TL;DR: Aβ deposition was higher in vessels than in plaques and correlated with increases in tau lesions, suggesting that amyloid build-up in the brain's microvasculature precedes plaque formation in chimpanzees.

TL;DR: Intermediate ATXN2 trinucleotide repeat expansion in ALS does not predict age of onset but does predict disease risk, and a meta-analysis of the new and existing studies for the relative risks of ATXn2 intermediate repeat alleles found that there was an overall increased risk of ALS.

TL;DR: Trans transcranial LLLT at both of red and NIR wavelengths at the fluency of 8 J/cm2 has a potential to ameliorate aging-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and cognitive impairment.

TL;DR: CSF/serum albumin ratio correlated with CSF neurofilament light in LAD, MIX, VaD, and other groups but not with AD biomarkers, which suggests that BBB leakage is common in dementias.

TL;DR: NODDI provides tissue-specific microstructural metrics ofwhite-matter tract damage in YOAD, including NDI which correlates with focal cognitive deficits, and APOEε4 status is associated with different patterns of white-matter neurodegeneration.

TL;DR: This is the first study to demonstrate that alERC volume is related to cognitive decline in undiagnosed community-dwelling older adults.