Comparative Genomics Yields Insights into Niche Adaptation of Plant Vascular Wilt Pathogens
Steven J. Klosterman,Krishna V. Subbarao,Seogchan Kang,Paola Veronese,Scott E. Gold,Bart P. H. J. Thomma,Zehua Chen,Bernard Henrissat,Yong-Hwan Lee,Jongsun Park,María D. García-Pedrajas,Dez J. Barbara,Amy Anchieta,Ronnie de Jonge,Parthasarathy Santhanam,Karunakaran Maruthachalam,Zahi K. Atallah,Stefan G. Amyotte,Zahi Paz,Patrik Inderbitzin,Ryan J. Hayes,David I. Heiman,Sarah Young,Qiandong Zeng,Reinhard Engels,James E. Galagan,Christina A. Cuomo,Katherine F. Dobinson,Katherine F. Dobinson,Li-Jun Ma,Li-Jun Ma +30 more
TLDR
Insight is revealed into the genetic mechanisms of niche adaptation of fungal wilt pathogens, advances the understanding of the evolution and development of their pathogenesis, and sheds light on potential avenues for the development of novel disease management strategies to combat destructive wilt diseases.Abstract:
The vascular wilt fungi Verticillium dahliae and V. albo-atrum infect over 200 plant species, causing billions of dollars in annual crop losses. The characteristic wilt symptoms are a result of colonization and proliferation of the pathogens in the xylem vessels, which undergo fluctuations in osmolarity. To gain insights into the mechanisms that confer the organisms' pathogenicity and enable them to proliferate in the unique ecological niche of the plant vascular system, we sequenced the genomes of V. dahliae and V. albo-atrum and compared them to each other, and to the genome of Fusarium oxysporum, another fungal wilt pathogen. Our analyses identified a set of proteins that are shared among all three wilt pathogens, and present in few other fungal species. One of these is a homolog of a bacterial glucosyltransferase that synthesizes virulence-related osmoregulated periplasmic glucans in bacteria. Pathogenicity tests of the corresponding V. dahliae glucosyltransferase gene deletion mutants indicate that the gene is required for full virulence in the Australian tobacco species Nicotiana benthamiana. Compared to other fungi, the two sequenced Verticillium genomes encode more pectin-degrading enzymes and other carbohydrate-active enzymes, suggesting an extraordinary capacity to degrade plant pectin barricades. The high level of synteny between the two Verticillium assemblies highlighted four flexible genomic islands in V. dahliae that are enriched for transposable elements, and contain duplicated genes and genes that are important in signaling/transcriptional regulation and iron/lipid metabolism. Coupled with an enhanced capacity to degrade plant materials, these genomic islands may contribute to the expanded genetic diversity and virulence of V. dahliae, the primary causal agent of Verticillium wilts. Significantly, our study reveals insights into the genetic mechanisms of niche adaptation of fungal wilt pathogens, advances our understanding of the evolution and development of their pathogenesis, and sheds light on potential avenues for the development of novel disease management strategies to combat destructive wilt diseases.read more
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Genome evolution in filamentous plant pathogens: why bigger can be better
Sylvain Raffaele,Sophien Kamoun +1 more
TL;DR: Cases in which genome plasticity has contributed to the emergence of new virulence traits are illustrated and how genome expansions may have had an impact on the co-evolutionary conflict between these filamentous plant pathogens and their hosts are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diverse Lifestyles and Strategies of Plant Pathogenesis Encoded in the Genomes of Eighteen Dothideomycetes Fungi
Robin A. Ohm,Nicolas Feau,Bernard Henrissat,Conrad L. Schoch,Benjamin A. Horwitz,Kerrie Barry,Bradford Condon,Alex Copeland,Braham Dhillon,Fabian Glaser,Cedar N. Hesse,Idit Kosti,Kurt LaButti,Erika Lindquist,Susan Lucas,Asaf Salamov,Rosie E. Bradshaw,Lynda M. Ciuffetti,Richard C. Hamelin,Richard C. Hamelin,Gert H. J. Kema,Christopher B. Lawrence,James A. Scott,Joseph W. Spatafora,B. Gillian Turgeon,Pierre J. G. M. de Wit,Shaobin Zhong,Stephen B. Goodwin,Igor V. Grigoriev +28 more
TL;DR: The Dothideomycetes are one of the largest groups of fungi with a high level of ecological diversity including many plant pathogens infecting a broad range of hosts as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tomato immune receptor Ve1 recognizes effector of multiple fungal pathogens uncovered by genome and RNA sequencing
Ronnie de Jonge,H. Peter van Esse,Karunakaran Maruthachalam,Melvin D. Bolton,Parthasarathy Santhanam,Mojtaba Keykha Saber,Zhao Zhang,Toshiyuki Usami,Bart Lievens,Krishna V. Subbarao,Bart P. H. J. Thomma +10 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Ave1 activates Ve1-mediated resistance and markedly contributes to fungal virulence, not only on tomato but also on Arabidopsis, and that Verticillium acquired Ave1 from plants through horizontal gene transfer.
Journal ArticleDOI
The xylem as battleground for plant hosts and vascular wilt pathogens.
TL;DR: This review discusses the current knowledge on interactions of vascular wilt pathogens with their host plants, with emphasis on host defense responses against this group of pathogens.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cotton plants export microRNAs to inhibit virulence gene expression in a fungal pathogen
Tao Zhang,Yunlong Zhao,Jianhua Zhao,Sheng Wang,Yun Jin,Zhong-Qi Chen,Yuan-Yuan Fang,Chenlei Hua,Shou-Wei Ding,Hui-Shan Guo +9 more
TL;DR: This work shows that in response to infection with Verticillium dahliae, cotton plants increase production of microRNA 166 and miR159 and export both to the fungal hyphae for specific silencing, identifying a novel defence strategy of host plants by exporting specific miRNAs to induce cross-kingdom gene silencing in pathogenic fungi and confer disease resistance.
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