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DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors

Frederick Sanger, +2 more
- 01 Dec 1977 - 
- Vol. 74, Iss: 12, pp 5463-5467
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TLDR
A new method for determining nucleotide sequences in DNA is described, which makes use of the 2',3'-dideoxy and arabinon nucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase.
Abstract
A new method for determining nucleotide sequences in DNA is described. It is similar to the “plus and minus” method [Sanger, F. & Coulson, A. R. (1975) J. Mol. Biol. 94, 441-448] but makes use of the 2′,3′-dideoxy and arabinonucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase. The technique has been applied to the DNA of bacteriophage ϕX174 and is more rapid and more accurate than either the plus or the minus method.

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Citations
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The complete nucleotide sequence of the tobacco chloroplast genome: its gene organization and expression.

TL;DR: Five sequences coding for proteins homologous to components of the respiratory‐chain NADH dehydrogenase from human mitochondria have been found and sequence and expression analyses indicate both prokaryotic and eukaryotic features of the chloroplast genes.
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Supercoil sequencing: a fast and simple method for sequencing plasmid DNA

TL;DR: A method for obtaining sequence information directly from plasmid DNA is presented, and the advantages include speed, simplicity, avoidance of additional cloning steps into single-stranded phage M13 vectors, and hence applicability to sequencing large numbers of samples.
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The impact of next-generation sequencing technology on genetics.

TL;DR: Next-generation sequencing technologies are surveyed and it is considered how they can provide a more complete picture of how the genome shapes the organism.
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Making antibody fragments using phage display libraries

TL;DR: Using a random combinatorial library of the rearranged heavy and kappa light chains from mice immune to the hapten 2-phenyloxazol-5-one (phOx), diverse libraries of antibody fragments are displayed on the surface of fd phage and elicited many more pairings with strong binding activities.
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Human insulin receptor and its relationship to the tyrosine kinase family of oncogenes

TL;DR: The entire 1,370-amino-acid sequence of the human insulin receptor precursor is deduced from a single complementary DNA clone, finding sequence homologies to human epidermal growth factor receptor and the members of the src family of oncogene products.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A new method for sequencing DNA

TL;DR: Reactions that cleave DNA preferentially at guanines, at adenines,At cytosines and thymines equally, and at cytosine alone are described.
Journal ArticleDOI

A rapid method for determining sequences in DNA by primed synthesis with DNA polymerase.

TL;DR: A simple and rapid method for determining nucleotide sequences in single-stranded DNA by primed synthesis with DNA polymerase is described and was used to determine two sequences in bacteriophage φX174 DNA.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage G4 DNA.

TL;DR: The sequence identifies many of the features responsible for the production of the proteins of the nine known genes of the organism, including initiation and termination sites for the proteins and RNAs.
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