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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors

Frederick Sanger, +2 more
- 01 Dec 1977 - 
- Vol. 74, Iss: 12, pp 5463-5467
TLDR
A new method for determining nucleotide sequences in DNA is described, which makes use of the 2',3'-dideoxy and arabinon nucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase.
Abstract
A new method for determining nucleotide sequences in DNA is described. It is similar to the “plus and minus” method [Sanger, F. & Coulson, A. R. (1975) J. Mol. Biol. 94, 441-448] but makes use of the 2′,3′-dideoxy and arabinonucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase. The technique has been applied to the DNA of bacteriophage ϕX174 and is more rapid and more accurate than either the plus or the minus method.

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Citations
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Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA

TL;DR: A complementary DNA clone containing the entire translated portion of the messenger RNA for the estrogen receptor from MCF-7 human breast cancer cells was sequenced and then expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells to give a functional protein, which suggests that steroid receptor genes and the avian erythroblastosis viral oncogene are derived from a common primordial gene.
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Cloning and characterization of chi-1: a developmentally regulated member of a novel class of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family

TL;DR: A cloned member of a novel class of the rat ionotropic glutamate receptor family, termed chi-1, exhibits an average identity to NMDA subunits and 23% to non-NMDA sub units, which suggests that chi- 1 may specifically interact with NMDA receptor subunits.
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Characterization and chromosomal localization of a cDNA encoding brain amyloid of Alzheimer's disease

TL;DR: Four clones were isolated from an adult human brain complementary DNA library with an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the first 20 amino acids of the beta peptide of brain amyloid from Alzheimer's disease, and the 3.5-kilobase messenger RNA was detected in mammalian brains and human thymus.
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The human LDL receptor: A cysteine-rich protein with multiple Alu sequences in its mRNA

TL;DR: Transfection of simian COS cells with the human LDL receptor cDNA linked to the SV40 early promoter resulted in expression of functional cell surface receptors.
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λ ZAP: a bacteriophage λ expression vector with in vivo excision properties

TL;DR: A lambda insertion type cDNA cloning vector, Lambda ZAP, has been constructed in this article, which eliminates the need to subclone DNA inserts from the lambda phage into a plasmid by restriction digestion and ligation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A new method for sequencing DNA

TL;DR: Reactions that cleave DNA preferentially at guanines, at adenines,At cytosines and thymines equally, and at cytosine alone are described.
Journal ArticleDOI

A rapid method for determining sequences in DNA by primed synthesis with DNA polymerase.

TL;DR: A simple and rapid method for determining nucleotide sequences in single-stranded DNA by primed synthesis with DNA polymerase is described and was used to determine two sequences in bacteriophage φX174 DNA.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage G4 DNA.

TL;DR: The sequence identifies many of the features responsible for the production of the proteins of the nine known genes of the organism, including initiation and termination sites for the proteins and RNAs.
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