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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors

Frederick Sanger, +2 more
- 01 Dec 1977 - 
- Vol. 74, Iss: 12, pp 5463-5467
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TLDR
A new method for determining nucleotide sequences in DNA is described, which makes use of the 2',3'-dideoxy and arabinon nucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase.
Abstract
A new method for determining nucleotide sequences in DNA is described. It is similar to the “plus and minus” method [Sanger, F. & Coulson, A. R. (1975) J. Mol. Biol. 94, 441-448] but makes use of the 2′,3′-dideoxy and arabinonucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase. The technique has been applied to the DNA of bacteriophage ϕX174 and is more rapid and more accurate than either the plus or the minus method.

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Citations
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Replacing the complementarity-determining regions in a human antibody with those from a mouse

TL;DR: This work substituted the CDRs from the heavy-chain variable region of mouse antibody B1–8, which binds the hapten NP-cap, for the corresponding CDRs of a human myeloma protein, to determine whether the antigen-binding site could be transplanted from one framework to another by grafting theCDRs.
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By-passing immunization: Human antibodies from V-gene libraries displayed on phage

TL;DR: The results suggest that a single large phage display library can be used to isolate human antibodies against any antigen, by-passing both hybridoma technology and immunization.
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Human epidermal growth factor receptor cDNA sequence and aberrant expression of the amplified gene in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells

TL;DR: The complete 1,210-amino acid sequence of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor precursor, deduced from cDNA clones derived from placental and A431 carcinoma cells, reveals close similarity between the entire predicted ν-erb-B mRNA oncogene product and the receptor transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains.
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Protein engineering of antibody binding sites: recovery of specific activity in an anti-digoxin single-chain Fv analogue produced in Escherichia coli.

TL;DR: A biosynthetic antibody binding site, which incorporated the variable domains of anti-digoxin monoclonal antibody 26-10 in a single polypeptide chain, was produced in Escherichia coli by protein engineering.
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Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics.

TL;DR: The D3 receptor is localized to limbic areas of the brain, which are associated with cognitive, emotional and endocrine functions, and seems to mediate some of the effects of antipsychotic drugs and drugs used against Parkinson's disease.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A new method for sequencing DNA

TL;DR: Reactions that cleave DNA preferentially at guanines, at adenines,At cytosines and thymines equally, and at cytosine alone are described.
Journal ArticleDOI

A rapid method for determining sequences in DNA by primed synthesis with DNA polymerase.

TL;DR: A simple and rapid method for determining nucleotide sequences in single-stranded DNA by primed synthesis with DNA polymerase is described and was used to determine two sequences in bacteriophage φX174 DNA.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage G4 DNA.

TL;DR: The sequence identifies many of the features responsible for the production of the proteins of the nine known genes of the organism, including initiation and termination sites for the proteins and RNAs.
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