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DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors

Frederick Sanger, +2 more
- 01 Dec 1977 - 
- Vol. 74, Iss: 12, pp 5463-5467
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TLDR
A new method for determining nucleotide sequences in DNA is described, which makes use of the 2',3'-dideoxy and arabinon nucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase.
Abstract
A new method for determining nucleotide sequences in DNA is described. It is similar to the “plus and minus” method [Sanger, F. & Coulson, A. R. (1975) J. Mol. Biol. 94, 441-448] but makes use of the 2′,3′-dideoxy and arabinonucleoside analogues of the normal deoxynucleoside triphosphates, which act as specific chain-terminating inhibitors of DNA polymerase. The technique has been applied to the DNA of bacteriophage ϕX174 and is more rapid and more accurate than either the plus or the minus method.

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Citations
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Calretinin: a gene for a novel calcium-binding protein expressed principally in neurons.

TL;DR: A novel gene of the calmodulin superfamily, encoding a 29-kD neuronal protein here named "calretinin," has been isolated as a cDNA clone from chick retina, and RNAs from both genes are abundant in the retina and in many areas of the brain, but calretin in RNA is absent from intestine and other nonneural tissues.
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Activation of ki-ras2 gene in human colon and lung carcinomas by two different point mutations

TL;DR: Kirsten (Ki)-ras cDNA clones were prepared from human lung and colon carcinoma cell lines expressing an activated c-Ki-ras2 gene and DNA sequence analysis and transfection studies indicate that different point mutations at the same codon can activate the gene.
Journal ArticleDOI

Molecular analysis of the para locus, a sodium channel gene in Drosophila.

TL;DR: The results support the conclusion that para encodes a functionally predominant class of sodium channels in Drosophila neurons and the para transcript appears to undergo alternative splicing to produce several distinct subtypes of this channel.
Journal ArticleDOI

An intronless gene encoding a potential member of the family of receptors coupled to guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins

TL;DR: A DNA fragment in the human genome is cloned and sequenced which cross-hybridizes with a full-length β2-adrenergic receptor probe at reduced stringency and appears to be intronless, containing an uninterrupted long open reading frame which encodes a putative protein with all the expected structural features of a G-protein-coupled receptor.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cloning and characterization of the gene for beta-tubulin from a benomyl-resistant mutant of Neurospora crassa and its use as a dominant selectable marker.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that benomyl resistance is due to the cloned beta-tubulin gene of strain Bml511(r)a and that this gene can be used as a dominant selectable marker in N. crassa transformation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A new method for sequencing DNA

TL;DR: Reactions that cleave DNA preferentially at guanines, at adenines,At cytosines and thymines equally, and at cytosine alone are described.
Journal ArticleDOI

A rapid method for determining sequences in DNA by primed synthesis with DNA polymerase.

TL;DR: A simple and rapid method for determining nucleotide sequences in single-stranded DNA by primed synthesis with DNA polymerase is described and was used to determine two sequences in bacteriophage φX174 DNA.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage G4 DNA.

TL;DR: The sequence identifies many of the features responsible for the production of the proteins of the nine known genes of the organism, including initiation and termination sites for the proteins and RNAs.
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