Journal ArticleDOI
Neurotrophin regulation of neural circuit development and function
Hyungju Park,Mu-ming Poo +1 more
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Some of the recent progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurotrophin regulation of neural circuits are summarized in this Review.Abstract:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)--a member of a small family of secreted proteins that includes nerve growth factor, neurotrophin 3 and neurotrophin 4--has emerged as a key regulator of neural circuit development and function. The expression, secretion and actions of BDNF are directly controlled by neural activity, and secreted BDNF is capable of mediating many activity-dependent processes in the mammalian brain, including neuronal differentiation and growth, synapse formation and plasticity, and higher cognitive functions. This Review summarizes some of the recent progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurotrophin regulation of neural circuits. The focus of the article is on BDNF, as this is the most widely expressed and studied neurotrophin in the mammalian brain.read more
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Computer Simulations Support a Morphological Contribution to BDNF Enhancement of Action Potential Generation
TL;DR: It is proposed that BDNF promotes neuron morphologies that are intrinsically more efficient at translating barrages of synaptic activity into APs, which is a previously unexplored aspect of BDNF’s function.
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BDNF downregulates β-adrenergic receptor-mediated hypotensive mechanisms in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
TL;DR: Testing the hypothesis that BDNF increases blood pressure in part by diminishing inhibitory hypotensive input from nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) catecholaminergic neurons projecting to the PVN found this to be true, and BDNF treatment was found to significantly reduce β1 adrenergic receptor mRNA expression in the PVn, whereas expression of other adrenergic receptors was unaffected.
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Primetime for Learning Genes.
TL;DR: It is proposed that bivalent domains are a characteristic feature of the chromatin landscape surrounding their promoters that allows them to be “poised” for rapid response to activate or repress gene expression depending on environmental stimuli.
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Role of irisin in physiology and pathology
TL;DR:
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Genetic Deletion of GABAA Receptors Reveals Distinct Requirements of Neurotransmitter Receptors for GABAergic and Glutamatergic Synapse Development.
Jingjing Duan,Saurabh Pandey,Tianming Li,David Castellano,Xinglong Gu,Jun Li,Qingjun Tian,Wei Lu +7 more
TL;DR: A critical cell-autonomous role of GABAARs in inhibitory synaptogenesis is revealed and distinct molecular mechanisms for development of inhibitory and excitatory synapses are demonstrated.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The BDNF val66met polymorphism affects activity-dependent secretion of BDNF and human memory and hippocampal function
Michael F. Egan,Masami Kojima,Masami Kojima,Joseph H. Callicott,Terry E. Goldberg,Bhaskar Kolachana,Alessandro Bertolino,Eugene Zaitsev,Bert Gold,David Goldman,Michael Dean,Bai Lu,Daniel R. Weinberger +12 more
TL;DR: A role is demonstrated for BDNF and its val/met polymorphism in human memory and hippocampal function and it is suggested val/ met exerts these effects by impacting intracellular trafficking and activity-dependent secretion of BDNF.
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The nerve growth factor 35 years later
TL;DR: The field of experimental embryology, which had been enthusiastically acclaimed in the mid-thirties, suffered from a sharp decrease in the enthusiasm that had inflamed the pioneers in this field, ever since R. G. Harrison delivered his celebrated lecture at the Royal Society in London in 1935.
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Synaptic Activity and the Construction of Cortical Circuits
Lawrence C. Katz,Carla J. Shatz +1 more
TL;DR: The sequential combination of spontaneously generated and experience-dependent neural activity endows the brain with an ongoing ability to accommodate to dynamically changing inputs during development and throughout life.
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Neurotrophins and their receptors: a convergence point for many signalling pathways.
TL;DR: Recent findings that neurotrophins, in addition to promoting survival and differentiation, exert various effects through surprising interactions with other receptors and ion channels are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physiology of the neurotrophins
Gary R. Lewin,Yves-Alain Barde +1 more
TL;DR: Rapid actions of neurotrophin-3 on synaptic efficacy, as well as the regulation of their mRNAs by electrical activity, suggest that neurotrophins might play important roles in regulating neuronal connectivity in the developing and in the adult central nervous system.