Journal ArticleDOI
Neurotrophin regulation of neural circuit development and function
Hyungju Park,Mu-ming Poo +1 more
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TLDR
Some of the recent progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurotrophin regulation of neural circuits are summarized in this Review.Abstract:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)--a member of a small family of secreted proteins that includes nerve growth factor, neurotrophin 3 and neurotrophin 4--has emerged as a key regulator of neural circuit development and function. The expression, secretion and actions of BDNF are directly controlled by neural activity, and secreted BDNF is capable of mediating many activity-dependent processes in the mammalian brain, including neuronal differentiation and growth, synapse formation and plasticity, and higher cognitive functions. This Review summarizes some of the recent progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurotrophin regulation of neural circuits. The focus of the article is on BDNF, as this is the most widely expressed and studied neurotrophin in the mammalian brain.read more
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Microglial modulation as a mechanism behind the promotion of central nervous system well-being by physical exercise
Samuel K. Jensen,V. Wee Yong +1 more
TL;DR: The present review will detail the emerging evidence suggesting microglial modulation as a key mechanism through which exercise exerts beneficial effects on the CNS, and describe how physical exercise improves CNS well‐being by directly acting through microglia.
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Pumping the Brakes: Neurotrophic Factors for the Prevention of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia after Traumatic Brain Injury
TL;DR: A treatment for the devastating long-term consequences of TBI is desperately needed, and several proposed mechanisms have been put forward, including alterations in glucose metabolism, excitotoxicity, calcium influx, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of neurotrophins and the neuropeptides VIP and PACAP on HIV-1 infection: histories with opposite ends.
Thiago Moreno L. Souza,Jairo R. Temerozo,Elizabeth Giestal-de-Araujo,Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib +3 more
TL;DR: The main effects of these two groups of mediators on the HIV-1 replicative cycle are presented, as well as the mechanisms that underlie their abilities to modulate HIV- 1 production in infected immune cells, and the possible repercussion of the cross talk between NGF and both neuropeptides on the pathogenesis of HIV-2 infection is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Combination of Stem Cells and Rehabilitation Therapies for Ischemic Stroke.
Reed Berlet,Stefan Anthony,Beverly Brooks,Zhen-Jie Wang,Nadia Sadanandan,Alex Shear,Blaise Cozene,Bella Gonzales-Portillo,Blake Parsons,Felipe Esparza Salazar,Alma R. Lezama Toledo,Germán Rivera Monroy,Joaquin Vega Gonzales-Portillo,Cesario V. Borlongan +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation to mitigate the devastating effects of stroke were discussed. But, the benefits of combined therapy were not explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Sevoflurane Exposure During Late Pregnancy on Brain Development and Beneficial Effects of Enriched Environment on Offspring Cognition.
TL;DR: It was shown that exposing rats to 1 MAC sevoflurane for 3 h during late pregnancy increased neuronal apoptosis in neonates but did not impair neuronal development or cognitive function in juvenile rats, whereas a 6-h exposure impaired neuronal development and cognitivefunction in juvenile Rats, effects that were attenuated by an EE.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The BDNF val66met polymorphism affects activity-dependent secretion of BDNF and human memory and hippocampal function
Michael F. Egan,Masami Kojima,Masami Kojima,Joseph H. Callicott,Terry E. Goldberg,Bhaskar Kolachana,Alessandro Bertolino,Eugene Zaitsev,Bert Gold,David Goldman,Michael Dean,Bai Lu,Daniel R. Weinberger +12 more
TL;DR: A role is demonstrated for BDNF and its val/met polymorphism in human memory and hippocampal function and it is suggested val/ met exerts these effects by impacting intracellular trafficking and activity-dependent secretion of BDNF.
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The nerve growth factor 35 years later
TL;DR: The field of experimental embryology, which had been enthusiastically acclaimed in the mid-thirties, suffered from a sharp decrease in the enthusiasm that had inflamed the pioneers in this field, ever since R. G. Harrison delivered his celebrated lecture at the Royal Society in London in 1935.
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Synaptic Activity and the Construction of Cortical Circuits
Lawrence C. Katz,Carla J. Shatz +1 more
TL;DR: The sequential combination of spontaneously generated and experience-dependent neural activity endows the brain with an ongoing ability to accommodate to dynamically changing inputs during development and throughout life.
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Neurotrophins and their receptors: a convergence point for many signalling pathways.
TL;DR: Recent findings that neurotrophins, in addition to promoting survival and differentiation, exert various effects through surprising interactions with other receptors and ion channels are reviewed.
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Physiology of the neurotrophins
Gary R. Lewin,Yves-Alain Barde +1 more
TL;DR: Rapid actions of neurotrophin-3 on synaptic efficacy, as well as the regulation of their mRNAs by electrical activity, suggest that neurotrophins might play important roles in regulating neuronal connectivity in the developing and in the adult central nervous system.