The fat-derived hormone adiponectin alleviates alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases in mice
TLDR
Adiponectin was effective in ameliorating hepatomegaly, steatosis, and alanine aminotransferase abnormality associated with nonalcoholic obese, ob/ob mice and could suppress the hepatic production of TNF-alpha and plasma concentrations of this proinflammatory cytokine.Abstract:
Adiponectin has recently been shown to be a promising candidate for the treatment of obesity-associated metabolic syndromes. Replenishment of recombinant adiponectin in mice can decrease hyperglycemia, reverse insulin resistance, and cause sustained weight loss without affecting food intake. Here we report its potential roles in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases in mice. Circulating concentrations of adiponectin decreased significantly following chronic consumption of high-fat ethanol-containing food. Delivery of recombinant adiponectin into these mice dramatically alleviated hepatomegaly and steatosis (fatty liver) and also significantly attenuated inflammation and the elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase. These therapeutic effects resulted partly from the ability of adiponectin to increase carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity and enhance hepatic fatty acid oxidation, while it decreased the activities of two key enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. Furthermore, adiponectin treatment could suppress the hepatic production of TNF-alpha and plasma concentrations of this proinflammatory cytokine. Adiponectin was also effective in ameliorating hepatomegaly, steatosis, and alanine aminotransferase abnormality associated with nonalcoholic obese, ob/ob mice. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism of adiponectin action and suggest a potential clinical application of adiponectin and its agonists in the treatment of liver diseases.read more
Citations
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Short-term inhibition of SREBP-1c expression reverses diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the inhibition of SREBP-1c decreased the expression of lipogenic enzymes, reducing the accumulation of triglycerides and, finally, reversing hepatic steatosis in mice.
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Protective effects of saponins from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum against fatty liver in chronic ethanol feeding via the activation of AMP-dependent protein kinase.
TL;DR: This study suggests that CKS is a promising agent for preventing or treating human alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Bile acids and insulin resistance: implications for treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Jue Wei,De Kai Qiu,Xiong Ma +2 more
TL;DR: A molecular basis has been provided for a link between bile acids, lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis, which can open novel pharmacological approaches against insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Book ChapterDOI
Cytokines in Liver Diseases
TL;DR: The function of cytokines consists in mediating interactions between inflammatory and immune systems, and a specific immune response triggers a localinflammatory effect, and vice versa, that is, a local inflammatory response induces a Specific immune response in the tissue.
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The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Plasma Concentrations of a Novel, Adipose-Specific Protein, Adiponectin, in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
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