The fat-derived hormone adiponectin alleviates alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases in mice
TLDR
Adiponectin was effective in ameliorating hepatomegaly, steatosis, and alanine aminotransferase abnormality associated with nonalcoholic obese, ob/ob mice and could suppress the hepatic production of TNF-alpha and plasma concentrations of this proinflammatory cytokine.Abstract:
Adiponectin has recently been shown to be a promising candidate for the treatment of obesity-associated metabolic syndromes. Replenishment of recombinant adiponectin in mice can decrease hyperglycemia, reverse insulin resistance, and cause sustained weight loss without affecting food intake. Here we report its potential roles in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases in mice. Circulating concentrations of adiponectin decreased significantly following chronic consumption of high-fat ethanol-containing food. Delivery of recombinant adiponectin into these mice dramatically alleviated hepatomegaly and steatosis (fatty liver) and also significantly attenuated inflammation and the elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase. These therapeutic effects resulted partly from the ability of adiponectin to increase carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity and enhance hepatic fatty acid oxidation, while it decreased the activities of two key enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. Furthermore, adiponectin treatment could suppress the hepatic production of TNF-alpha and plasma concentrations of this proinflammatory cytokine. Adiponectin was also effective in ameliorating hepatomegaly, steatosis, and alanine aminotransferase abnormality associated with nonalcoholic obese, ob/ob mice. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism of adiponectin action and suggest a potential clinical application of adiponectin and its agonists in the treatment of liver diseases.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
Vascular actions of adipokines molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlighted recent advances in both clinical investigations and animal studies promoting the understanding of the roles of adiponectin and A-FABP in the modulation of vascular function, and discussed the possibilities of using these two adipokines as therapeutic targets to design new drugs for preventing vascular disease associated with obesity and diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
New concepts in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease.
TL;DR: The most recent findings on the mechanisms by which alcohol abuse causes hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis are discussed, and now it contributes to the progression of fibrosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
The multifaceted and controversial immunometabolic actions of adiponectin
TL;DR: It is proposed that a holistic understanding of adiponectin function can be garnered only from understanding its actions both on the immune system and on metabolism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pattern of Expression of Adiponectin Receptors in Human Liver and its Relation to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Monica Nannipieri,F Cecchetti,Marco Anselmino,E Mancini,G Marchetti,A Bonotti,Simona Baldi,B. Solito,Monica Giannetti,Aldo Pinchera,Ferruccio Santini,Eleuterio Ferrannini +11 more
TL;DR: In obese patients with NASH, adiponectin receptors are underexpressed in visceral fat—as a likely correlate of obesity—but overexpressed in liver, possibly as a compensatory response to hypoadiponectinemia, and positively associated with liver damage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Current experimental perspectives on the clinical progression of alcoholic liver disease.
TL;DR: This review will summarize current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying the different stages of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and identify new molecular mechanisms and mediators of ALD.
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The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity
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TL;DR: It is concluded that decreased adiponectin is implicated in the development of insulin resistance in mouse models of both obesity and lipoatrophy and that the replenishment of adiponECTin might provide a novel treatment modality for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: It is shown that phosphorylation and activation of the 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are stimulated with globular and full-length Ad in skeletal muscle and only with full- lengths Ad in the liver, indicating that stimulation of glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by Ad occurs through activation of AMPK.
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Plasma Concentrations of a Novel, Adipose-Specific Protein, Adiponectin, in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
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TL;DR: Results suggest that the decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations in diabetes may be an indicator of macroangiopathy, and weight reduction significantly elevated plasma adip onectin levels in the diabetic subjects as well as the nondiabetic subjects.
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