The fat-derived hormone adiponectin alleviates alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases in mice
TLDR
Adiponectin was effective in ameliorating hepatomegaly, steatosis, and alanine aminotransferase abnormality associated with nonalcoholic obese, ob/ob mice and could suppress the hepatic production of TNF-alpha and plasma concentrations of this proinflammatory cytokine.Abstract:
Adiponectin has recently been shown to be a promising candidate for the treatment of obesity-associated metabolic syndromes. Replenishment of recombinant adiponectin in mice can decrease hyperglycemia, reverse insulin resistance, and cause sustained weight loss without affecting food intake. Here we report its potential roles in alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases in mice. Circulating concentrations of adiponectin decreased significantly following chronic consumption of high-fat ethanol-containing food. Delivery of recombinant adiponectin into these mice dramatically alleviated hepatomegaly and steatosis (fatty liver) and also significantly attenuated inflammation and the elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase. These therapeutic effects resulted partly from the ability of adiponectin to increase carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activity and enhance hepatic fatty acid oxidation, while it decreased the activities of two key enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. Furthermore, adiponectin treatment could suppress the hepatic production of TNF-alpha and plasma concentrations of this proinflammatory cytokine. Adiponectin was also effective in ameliorating hepatomegaly, steatosis, and alanine aminotransferase abnormality associated with nonalcoholic obese, ob/ob mice. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism of adiponectin action and suggest a potential clinical application of adiponectin and its agonists in the treatment of liver diseases.read more
Citations
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Dietary α-linolenic acid-rich flaxseed oil prevents against alcoholic hepatic steatosis via ameliorating lipid homeostasis at adipose tissue-liver axis in mice
TL;DR: Dietary FO protects against alcoholic hepatic steatosis by improving lipid homeostasis at the adipose tissue-liver axis, suggesting that dietary ALA-rich flaxseed oil might be a promising approach for prevention of alcoholic fatty liver.
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Serum adiponectin is reduced in acromegaly and normalized after correction of growth hormone excess.
TL;DR: In conclusion, hypoadiponectinemia is present in active acromegaly, probably secondary to the inhibitory effect of high circulating insulin levels, and may contribute to the increased insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in patients with acromEGaly.
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Inverse association between serum adiponectin level and transaminase activities in Japanese male workers
TL;DR: Hypoadiponectinemia may worsen liver diseases associated with metabolic diseases in clinical cases in patients who were not heavy drinkers and had no autoimmune or HBV- or HCV-induced liver diseases.
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Ethanol and liver: recent advances in the mechanisms of ethanol-induced hepatosteatosis
TL;DR: Two important nuclear transcription factors, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), and the lipid metabolism-associated enzymes regulated by the two molecules, are shown to be involved in ethanol-induced steatosis.
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Preventive effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) against insulin resistance and diabetes are associated with the inhibition of NF-κB and JNK pathways in high-fat-fed OLETF rats.
Soo Jin Yang,Jung Mook Choi,Se Eun Park,Eun-Jung Rhee,Won Young Lee,Ki Won Oh,Sung Woo Park,Cheol-Young Park +7 more
TL;DR: The findings of this study indicate that BM exerted preventive effects against insulin resistance and diabetes through the modulation of NF-κB and JNK pathways and may be useful in the prevention of insulin Resistance and diabetes.
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The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity
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Toshimasa Yamauchi,Junji Kamon,Yasuhiko Minokoshi,Yoichi M. Ito,Hironori Waki,S. Uchida,Shigeo Yamashita,Mitsuhiko Noda,Shunbun Kita,K Ueki,Koji Eto,Y. Akanuma,Philippe Froguel,Fabienne Foufelle,Pascal Ferré,David Carling,Shigeko Kimura,Ryozo Nagai,Barbara B. Kahn,Takashi Kadowaki +19 more
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