https://cancerbiologyprogram.med.wayne.edu/pdfs/hallmarks_cancer_article.pdf

Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation.

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

https://staff.blog.ui.ac.id/hsuryadi/files/2012/02/ROS_RNS.pdf

Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease

Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity

Several reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in plants as byproducts of aerobic metabolism. Depending on the nature of the ROS species, some are highly toxic and rapidly detoxified by various cellular enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms. Whereas plants are surfeited with mechanisms to combat increased ROS levels during abiotic stress conditions, in other circumstances plants appear to purposefully generate ROS as signaling molecules to control various processes including pathogen defense, programmed cell death, and stomatal behavior. This review describes the mechanisms of ROS generation and removal in plants during development and under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. New insights into the complexity and roles that ROS play in plants have come from genetic analyses of ROS detoxifying and signaling mutants. Considering recent ROS-induced genome-wide expression analyses, the possible functions and mechanisms for ROS sensing and signaling in plants are compared with those in animals and yeast.

REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES: Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Signal Transduction

This exciting collection of review articles provides a comprehensive introduction to this important area of molecular biology - written by the world's top molecular and cellular biologists. Each chapter begins with the basic concepts and progresses to a state-of-the-art review of current literature, making the book invaluable for students entering the field. Seasoned researchers will value the keen insights into related areas, such as immunology, neuroscience, and endocrinology. Topics include: Basic transcription; Cell differentiation and plasticity; Gene regulation by steroid hormones; Cellular proliferation; Muscle-specific gene expression; Gene expression and differentiation in the hematopoietic system; Hepatic gene expression and its regulation; Gene expression and differentiation of neuroendocrine cells. This book is the first in a series covering all aspects of gene expression and regulation, and related areas of molecular biology. It is essential reading for all molecular biologists, cell biologists, biochemists, and biotechnologists.

Gene Expression: General And Cell-Type-Specific

The present invention provides methods and compositions for inhibiting IκB Kinase (IKK) as well as methods and compositions for identifying compounds with activity as inhibitors of IKK. In particular, the present invention provides methods for identifying inhibitors of IKKβ.

Methods for identifying IκB Kinase (IKK) inhibitors

The present invention provides a substantially purified nucleic acid molecule encoding a serine protein kinase (IκB kinase) that phosphorylates a protein (IκB) that inhibits the activity of the NF-κB transcription factor, vectors comprising such a nucleic acid molecule and host cells containing such vectors. In addition, the invention provides nucleotide sequences that can bind to a nucleic acid molecule of the invention, such nucleotide sequences being useful as probes or as antisense molecules. The invention also provides a substantially purified IκB kinase, which is a polypeptide that can phosphorylate an IκB protein, and peptide portions of the IκB kinase. In addition, the invention provides anti-IκB kinase antibodies, which specifically bind to an IκB kinase, and IκB kinase-binding fragments of such antibodies. The invention further provides methods of substantially purifying an IκB kinase, methods of identifying an agent that can alter the association of an IκB kinase with a second protein, and methods of identifying proteins that can interact with an IκB kinase.

IKB kinase and methods of using same

P53 deficiency affects cholesterol esterification to exacerbate hepatocarcinogenesis

Commensal microflora engages in a symbiotic relationship with their host, and plays an important role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Pathogenic bacteria promote chronic intestinal inflammation and accelerate tumorigenesis. In sporadic CRC, loss of an effective epithelial barrier occurs at early stage of CRC development. As a result, non-pathogenic bacteria and/or their products infiltrate tumor stroma, drive “tumor-elicited inflammation” and promote CRC progression by activating tumor-associated myeloid and immune cells that produce IL-23 and IL-17. In this article we will summarize the recent advances in understanding the relationship between gut flora and CRC.

Michael Karin

Papers

Gene Expression: General And Cell-Type-Specific

Methods for identifying IκB Kinase (IKK) inhibitors

IKB kinase and methods of using same

P53 deficiency affects cholesterol esterification to exacerbate hepatocarcinogenesis

Common flora and intestine: A carcinogenic marriage