University of Lorraine

About: University of Lorraine is a education organization based out in Nancy, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 11942 authors who have published 25010 publications receiving 425227 citations. The organization is also known as: Lorraine University.

Status of the COMPASS tokamak and characterization of the first H-mode

Abstract: This paper summarizes the status of the COMPASS tokamak, its comprehensive diagnostic equipment and plasma scenarios as a baseline for the future studies. The former COMPASS-D tokamak was in operation at UKAEA Culham, UK in 1992–2002. Later, the device was transferred to the Institute of Plasma Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IPP AS CR), where it was installed during 2006–2011. Since 2012 the device has been in a full operation with Type-I and Type-III ELMy H-modes as a base scenario. This enables together with the ITER-like plasma shape and flexible NBI heating system (two injectors enabling co- or balanced injection) to perform ITER relevant studies in different parameter range to the other tokamaks (ASDEX-Upgrade, DIII-D, JET) and to contribute to the ITER scallings. In addition to the description of the device, current status and the main diagnostic equipment, the paper focuses on the characterization of the Ohmic as well as NBI-assisted H-modes. Moreover, Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) are categorized based on their frequency dependence on power density flowing across separatrix. The filamentary structure of ELMs is studied and the parallel heat flux in individual filaments is measured by probes on the outer mid-plane and in the divertor. The measurements are supported by observation of ELM and inter-ELM filaments by an ultra-fast camera.

Burkholderia diazotrophica sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of Mimosa spp.

Abstract: Five strains, JPY461(T), JPY359, JPY389, DPU-3 and STM4206 were isolated from nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of Mimosa spp and their taxonomic positions were investigated using a polyphasic approach All five strains grew at 15-40 degrees C (optimum, 30-37 degrees C), at pH 40-80 (optimum, pH 60-70) and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl [optimum, 0% (w/v)] On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, a representative strain (JPY461(T)) showed 972% sequence similarity to the closest related species Burkholderia acidipaludis SA33(T), a similarity of 972% to Burkholderia terrae KMY02(T), 971% to Burkholderia phymatum STM815(T) and 971% to Burkholderia hospita LMG 20598(T) The predominant fatty acids of the five novel strains were summed feature 2 (comprising C-16:1 iso I and/or C-14:0 3-OH), summed feature 3 (comprising C-16:1 omega 7c and/or C-16:1 omega 6c), C-16:0, C-16:0 3-OH, C-17:0 cyclo, C-18:1 omega 7c and C-19:0 cyclo omega 8c The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8 and the DNA G+C content of the strains was 630-650 mol% The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminophospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and several unidentified phospholipids The DNA-DNA relatedness of the novel strain with respect to recognized species of the genus Burkholderia was less than 54% On the basis of 16S rRNA and recA gene sequence similarities, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, the five strains represent a novel species in the genus Burkholderia, for which the name Burkholderia diazotrophica sp nov is proposed with the type strain, JPY461(T) (=LMG 26031(T)=BCRC 80259(T)=KCTC 23308(T))

Chemistry of fracture-filling raised ridges in Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater: Window into past aqueous activity and habitability on Mars

Abstract: The ChemCam instrument package on the Curiosity rover was used to characterize distinctive raised ridges in the Sheepbed mudstone, Yellowknife Bay formation, Gale Crater. The multilayered, fracture-filling ridges are more resistant to erosion than the Sheepbed mudstone rock in which they occur. The bulk average composition of the raised ridges is enriched in MgO by 1.2-1.7 times (average of 8.3-11.4 wt %; single-shot maximum of 17.0 wt %) over that of the mudstone. Al2O3 is anticorrelated with MgO, while Li is somewhat enriched where MgO is highest. Some ridges show a variation in composition with different layers on a submillimeter scale. In particular, the McGrath target shows similar high-MgO resistant outer layers and a low-MgO, less resistant inner layer. This is consistent with the interpretation that the raised ridges are isopachous fracture-filling cements with a stratigraphy that likely reveals changes in fluid composition or depositional conditions over time. Overall, the average composition of the raised ridges is close to that of a Mg- and Fe-rich smectite, or saponite, which may also be the main clay mineral constituent of the host mudstone. These analyses provide evidence of diagenesis and aqueous activity in the early postdepositional history of the Yellowknife Bay formation, consistent with a low salinity to brackish fluid at near-neutral or slightly alkaline pH. The fluids that circulated through the fractures likely interacted with the Sheepbed mudstone and (or) other stratigraphically adjacent rock units of basaltic composition and leached Mg from them preferentially.

A Fractionally Ionic Approach to Polarizability and van der Waals Many-Body Dispersion Calculations.

Abstract: By explicitly including fractionally ionic contributions to the polarizability of a many-component system, we are able to significantly improve on previous atom-wise many-body van der Waals approaches with essentially no extra numerical cost. For nonionic systems, our method is comparable in accuracy to existing approaches. However, it offers substantial improvements in ionic solids, e.g., producing better polarizabilities by over 65% in some cases. It has particular benefits for two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides and interactions of H2 with modified coronenes, ionic systems of nanotechnological interest. It thus offers an efficient improvement on existing approaches, valid for a wide range of systems.