University of Lorraine

About: University of Lorraine is a education organization based out in Nancy, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 11942 authors who have published 25010 publications receiving 425227 citations. The organization is also known as: Lorraine University.

An unprecedented route of OH radical reactivity evidenced by an electrocatalytical process: Ipso-substitution with perhalogenocarbon compounds

Abstract: Hydroxyl radical ( OH) is ubiquitous in the environment and in metabolism. It is one of the most powerful oxidants and can react instantaneously with surrounding chemicals. Currently, three attack modes of OH have been identified: hydrogen atom abstraction, addition to unsaturated bond and electron transfer. Perhalogenocarbon compounds such as CCl4 are therefore supposed to be recalcitrant to OH as suggested by numerous authors due to the absence of both hydrogen atom(s) and unsaturated bond(s). Here, we report for the first time a fourth attack mode of OH through ipso-substitution of the halogen atom. This breakthrough offers new scientific insight for understanding the mechanisms of OH oxidation in the related research areas of research. It is especially a great progress in organic contaminants removal from water. In this study, CCl4 is successfully degraded and mineralized in aqueous media using a green and efficient electrocatalytical production of homogeneous and heterogeneous OH. Maximum degradation rate of 0.298 min−1 and mineralization yield of 82% were reached. This opens up new possibilities of emerging water pollutants elimination such as fluorosurfactants.

The social cost of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs in France, 1997.

Abstract: Aim, Design and Setting: The economic costs of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs to French society are estimated using a cost of illness framework. Measurements:

Climatically controlled reproduction drives interannual growth variability in a temperate tree species

Abstract: Climatically controlled allocation to reproduction is a key mechanism by which climate influences tree growth and may explain lagged correlations between climate and growth We used continent-wide datasets of tree-ring chronologies and annual reproductive effort in Fagus sylvatica from 1901 to 2015 to characterise relationships between climate, reproduction and growth Results highlight that variable allocation to reproduction is a key factor for growth in this species, and that high reproductive effort ('mast years') is associated with stem growth reduction Additionally, high reproductive effort is associated with previous summer temperature, creating lagged climate effects on growth Consequently, understanding growth variability in forest ecosystems requires the incorporation of reproduction, which can be highly variable Our results suggest that future response of growth dynamics to climate change in this species will be strongly influenced by the response of reproduction

The mitochondrial monothiol glutaredoxin S15 is essential for iron-sulfur protein maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract: The iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) is an ancient and essential cofactor of many proteins involved in electron transfer and metabolic reactions. In Arabidopsis, three pathways exist for the maturation of iron-sulfur proteins in the cytosol, plastids, and mitochondria. We functionally characterized the role of mitochondrial glutaredoxin S15 (GRXS15) in biogenesis of ISC containing aconitase through a combination of genetic, physiological, and biochemical approaches. Two Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion mutants were identified as null mutants with early embryonic lethal phenotypes that could be rescued by GRXS15. Furthermore, we showed that recombinant GRXS15 is able to coordinate and transfer an ISC and that this coordination depends on reduced glutathione (GSH). We found the Arabidopsis GRXS15 able to complement growth defects based on disturbed ISC protein assembly of a yeast Δgrx5 mutant. Modeling of GRXS15 onto the crystal structures of related nonplant proteins highlighted amino acid residues that after mutation diminished GSH and subsequently ISC coordination, as well as the ability to rescue the yeast mutant. When used for plant complementation, one of these mutant variants, GRXS15K83/A, led to severe developmental delay and a pronounced decrease in aconitase activity by approximately 65%. These results indicate that mitochondrial GRXS15 is an essential protein in Arabidopsis, required for full activity of iron-sulfur proteins.