University of Lorraine

About: University of Lorraine is a education organization based out in Nancy, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 11942 authors who have published 25010 publications receiving 425227 citations. The organization is also known as: Lorraine University.

Forest tree genomics: 10 achievements from the past 10 years and future prospects

Abstract: Key message This review highlights some of the discoveries and applications made possible by “omics” technologies over the last 10 years and provides perspectives for pioneering research to increase our understanding of tree biology.

Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic and gas mixing processes in underground hydrogen storages

Abstract: The storage of hydrogen in underground reservoirs comprises a potential solution for balancing the fluctuating energy production from wind and solar power plants. In this concept, electrolysers are used to transform excessively produced electrical energy into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen. The resulting large volumes of hydrogen are temporarily stored in subsurface formations purely or in mixture with other gases. In times of high energy demand, the chemical energy is transformed back into electricity by fuel cells or engine generators. Key aspects in the development period and the subsequent cyclic operations of such a storage are the hydrodynamic behavior of hydrogen and its interaction with residual fluids in the reservoir. Mathematically, the behavior can be described by a compositional two-phase flow model with water and gas as phases and all relevant chemical species as components (H2, H2O, CH4, CO2, N2, H2S, etc.). The spatial variation of the gas phase composition between injected and initial gas leads to density and viscosity contrasts which influence the displacement process. The mixing of gases with different compositions is governed by molecular diffusion or mechanical dispersion dependent on the flow velocity. In the present paper, a numerical case study in a depleted gas reservoir was performed. The storage was charged with hydrogen for 5 years. Subsequently, 5 years of seasonal cyclic operation were simulated to predict injection and production rates, pressure response and composition of the produced gas stream .

DC Programming and DCA for General DC Programs

Abstract: We present a natural extension of DC programming and DCA for modeling and solving general DC programs with DC constraints. Two resulting approaches consist in reformulating those programs as standard DC programs in order to use standard DCAs for their solutions. The first one is based on penalty techniques in DC programming, while the second linearizes concave functions in DC constraints to build convex inner approximations of the feasible set. They are proved to converge to KKT points of general DC programs under usual constraints qualifications. Both designed algorithms can be viewed as a sequence of standard DCAs with updated penalty (resp. relaxation) parameters.

The Role of the Microbiome of Truffles in Aroma Formation: a Meta-Analysis Approach

Abstract: Truffles (Tuber spp.) are ascomycete subterraneous fungi that form ectomycorrhizas in a symbiotic relationship with plant roots. Their fruiting bodies are appreciated for their distinctive aroma, which might be partially derived from microbes. Indeed, truffle fruiting bodies are colonized by a diverse microbial community made up of bacteria, yeasts, guest filamentous fungi, and viruses. The aim of this minireview is two-fold. First, the current knowledge on the microbial community composition of truffles has been synthesized to highlight similarities and differences among four truffle (Tuber) species (T. magnatum, T. melanosporum, T. aestivum, and T. borchii) at various stages of their life cycle. Second, the potential role of the microbiome in truffle aroma formation has been addressed for the same four species. Our results suggest that on one hand, odorants, which are common to many truffle species, might be of mixed truffle and microbial origin, while on the other hand, less common odorants might be derived from microbes only. They also highlight that bacteria, the dominant group in the microbiome of the truffle, might also be the most important contributors to truffle aroma not only in T. borchii, as already demonstrated, but also in T. magnatum, T. aestivum, and T. melanosporum.

Atmospheric significance of water clusters and ozone-water complexes.

Abstract: Ozone–water complexes O3···(H2O)n (n = 1–4) have been theoretically investigated using QCISD and CCSD(T) methods along with the 6-311G(2df,2p), 6-311+G(2df,2p), aug-cc-pVDZ, aug-cc-pVTZ, and aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets and extrapolation to CBS limit. For comparison, water clusters (H2O)n (n = 1–4) have also been studied at the same level of theory. The ozone–water complexes are held together by a combination of weak specific hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals interactions. Surprisingly, the hydrogen-bonded complexes are not necessarily the most stable ones. In particular, in the most stable 1:1 complex structure the main stabilizing factors come from van der Waals interactions. The high accuracy of the calculated binding energies provides a reliable basis to discuss the abundance of these clusters in the atmosphere. We predict concentrations up to 9.24 × 1015, 3.91 × 1014, and 2.02 × 1914 molecules·cm–3 for water dimer, trimer, and tetramer in very hot and humid conditions and that the concentrations of these ...