University of Lorraine

About: University of Lorraine is a education organization based out in Nancy, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 11942 authors who have published 25010 publications receiving 425227 citations. The organization is also known as: Lorraine University.

Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of several isothiocyanates on Helicobacter pylori.

Abstract: The antibacterial activity of sulforaphane [4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl isothiocyanate] has been previously described. We have analysed the activities of 12 isothiocyanates (ITC) including sulphoraphane on 25 strains of Helicobacter pylori using an agar dilution assay. In addition, bactericidal effects against H. pylori were determined for the 6 most active ITCs, both directly and against intracellular bacteria in cultured human epithelial (HEp-2) cells. The MIC90 values for these ITCs ranged between 4 and 32 microg/mL and four of the most potent compounds exhibited bactericidal activity against both extra- and intracellular bacteria. Overall, our data indicate that ITCs have a potent antibacterial effect against H. pylori and these naturally occurring phytochemicals might have potential as novel therapeutic agents for H. pylori eradication.

Slow slip source characterized by lithological and geometric heterogeneity

Abstract: Slow slip events (SSEs) accommodate a significant proportion of tectonic plate motion at subduction zones, yet little is known about the faults that actually host them. The shallow depth (<2 km) of well-documented SSEs at the Hikurangi subduction zone offshore New Zealand offers a unique opportunity to link geophysical imaging of the subduction zone with direct access to incoming material that represents the megathrust fault rocks hosting slow slip. Two recent International Ocean Discovery Program Expeditions sampled this incoming material before it is entrained immediately down-dip along the shallow plate interface. Drilling results, tied to regional seismic reflection images, reveal heterogeneous lithologies with highly variable physical properties entering the SSE source region. These observations suggest that SSEs and associated slow earthquake phenomena are promoted by lithological, mechanical, and frictional heterogeneity within the fault zone, enhanced by geometric complexity associated with subduction of rough crust.

Actuator fault estimation observer design for discrete-time linear parameter-varying descriptor systems

Abstract: SUMMARY This paper deals with actuator fault estimation for a class of discrete-time Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) descriptor systems. By considering the fault as an auxiliary state vector, an augmented system is established. Then, a fault estimation observer is designed based on the augmented system. In this paper, the fault estimation observer design is formulated as a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) feasibility problem. Therefore, all parameters of the observer can be simultaneously designed by solving a set of strict LMIs. In order to attenuate the effect of the unknown disturbance, fault variation, and measurement noise, we further propose a robust fault estimation observer design method, which is the main contribution of this paper. Finally, performance of the proposed robust fault estimation observer is shown through the application to a trucktrailer model. Copyright c ⃝ 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Acutely decompensated heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction present with comparable haemodynamic congestion.

Abstract: Aims Congestion is a central feature of acute heart failure (HF) and its assessment is important for clinical decisions (e.g. tailoring decongestive treatments). It remains uncertain whether patients with acute HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are comparably congested as in acute HF with reduced EF (HFrEF). This study assessed congestion, right ventricular (RV) and renal dysfunction in acute HFpEF, HFrEF and non-cardiac dyspnoea. Methods and results We compared echocardiographic and circulating biomarkers of congestion in 146 patients from the MEDIA-DHF study: 101 with acute HF (38 HFpEF, 41 HFrEF, 22 HF with mid-range ejection fraction) and 45 with non-cardiac dyspnoea. Compared with non-cardiac dyspnoea, patients with acute HF had larger left and right atria, higher E/e', pulmonary artery systolic pressure and inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter at rest, and lower IVC variability (all P 0.05) compared with HFrEF. Conclusion In acute conditions, HFpEF and HFrEF presented in a comparable state of venous congestion, with similarly altered RV and kidney function, despite higher BNP in HFrEF.

Entanglement scaling of operators: a conformal field theory approach, with a glimpse of simulability of long-time dynamics in 1 + 1d

Abstract: In one dimension, the area law and its implications for the approximability by matrix product states are the key to efficient numerical simulations involving quantum states. Similarly, in simulations involving quantum operators, the approximability by matrix product operators (in Hilbert–Schmidt norm) is tied to an operator area law, namely the fact that the operator space entanglement entropy (OSEE)—the natural analog of entanglement entropy for operators, investigated by Zanardi (2001 Phys. Rev. A 63 040304) and by Prosen and Pižorn (2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 032316)—is bounded. In the present paper, it is shown that the OSEE can be calculated in two-dimensional conformal field theory, in a number of situations that are relevant to questions of simulability of long-time dynamics in one spatial dimension. It is argued that: (i) thermal density matrices $\rho \propto {\rm e}^{-\beta H}$ and generalized Gibbs ensemble density matrices $\rho \propto {\rm e}^{- H_{\rm GGE}}$ with local H (GGE) generically obey the operator area law, (ii) after a global quench, the OSEE first grows linearly with time, then decreases back to its thermal or GGE saturation value, implying that, while the operator area law is satisfied both in the initial state and in the asymptotic stationary state at large time, it is strongly violated in the transient regime, (iii) the OSEE of the evolution operator $U(t) = {\rm e}^{-{\rm i} H t}$ increases linearly with t, unless the Hamiltonian is in a localized phase, (iv) local operators in Heisenberg picture, $\phi(t) = {\rm e}^{{\rm i} H t} \phi {\rm e}^{-{\rm i} H t}$ , have an OSEE that grows sublinearly in time (perhaps logarithmically), however it is unclear whether this effect can be captured in a traditional CFT framework, as the free fermion case hints at an unexpected breakdown of conformal invariance.