University of Nebraska Omaha

About: University of Nebraska Omaha is a education organization based out in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 4526 authors who have published 8905 publications receiving 213914 citations. The organization is also known as: UNO & University of Omaha.

Fetal Programming: Prenatal Testosterone Treatment Causes Intrauterine Growth Retardation, Reduces Ovarian Reserve and Increases Ovarian Follicular Recruitment

Abstract: Exposure to testosterone (T) during d 30-90 of fetal life results in low-birth-weight offspring, hypergonadotropism, multifollicular ovaries, and early cessation of cyclicity. The multifollicular phenotype may result from failure of follicles to regress and consequent follicular persistence or, alternatively, increased follicular recruitment. We tested the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to excess T causes intrauterine growth retardation and increases ovarian follicular recruitment. Time-mated pregnant ewes were treated with 100 mg T propionate in cottonseed oil or vehicle twice weekly from d 30-90 of gestation. Ewes were euthanized near term, from d 139-141 of gestation (term is 147 d). After determining fetal measures and organ weights, ovaries were removed from fetuses of control and T-treated dams, and follicular distribution in each ovary was determined by morphometric quantification. Total number and percentage distribution of the various classes of follicles (primordial, primary, preantral, and antral follicles) were compared between treatment groups. Prenatally T-treated female fetuses were smaller in size, had an increased head circumference to fetal weight ratio (P < 0.01), increased adrenal to fetal weight ratio (P < 0.05), decreased number of follicles (P < 0.05), a decrease in percentage of primordial follicles (P < 0.001), and a corresponding increase in the remaining classes of follicles (P < 0.05). Ovarian findings support decreased ovarian reserve and enhanced follicular recruitment, potential contributors of early reproductive failure. The extent to which metabolic changes associated with intrauterine growth retardation contribute toward altered trajectory of ovarian folliculogenesis remains to be determined.

The Effect of Audit Committee and Board of Director Independence on Auditor Resignation

Abstract: This study examines the relationship between audit committee and board independence and auditor resignations. Independent audit committee and board members, who are concerned about incurring legal liability and harming their reputations, support the external auditors in accomplishing their assurance duties. We use a logit model to compare audit committee and board independence between two types of auditor switches: 190 auditor‐initiated switches versus 190 matched client‐initiated switches during the time period 1996 to 2000. Our results show that audit committee and board of director independence are both negatively associated with the likelihood of an auditor resignation. Our results also show that audit committee independence is positively related to the quality of the firm's successor auditor. This suggests that independent audit committees also play a mitigating role in reducing the negative consequences associated with an auditor resignation.

Mental health disparities within the LGBT population: A comparison between transgender and nontransgender individuals

Abstract: Purpose: This study assessed within a Midwestern LGBT population whether, and the extent to which, transgender identity was associated with elevated odds of reported discrimination, depression symptoms, and suicide attempts. Methods: Based on survey data collected online from respondents who self-identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender persons over the age of 19 in Nebraska in 2010, this study performed bivariate t- or chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine differences in reported discrimination, depression symptoms, suicide attempts, and self-acceptance of LGBT identity between 91 transgender and 676 nontransgender respondents. Results: After controlling for the effects of selected confounders, transgender identity was associated with higher odds of reported discrimination (OR=2.63, p<0.01), depression symptoms (OR=2.33, p<0.05), and attempted suicides (OR=2.59, p<0.01) when compared with nontransgender individuals. Self-acceptance of LGBT iden...

Resource Utilization in Liver Transplantation: Effects of Patient Characteristics and Clinical Practice

Abstract: ContextLiver transplantation is among the most costly of medical services, yet few studies have addressed the relationship between the resources utilized for this procedure and specific patient characteristics and clinical practices.ObjectiveTo assess the association of pretransplant patient characteristics and clinical practices with hospital resource utilization.DesignProspective cohort of patients who received liver transplants between January 1991 and July 1994.SettingUniversity of California, San Francisco; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn; and the University of Nebraska, Omaha.PatientsSeven hundred eleven patients who received single-organ liver transplants, were at least 16 years old, and had nonfulminant liver disease.Main Outcome MeasureStandardized resource utilization derived from a database created by matching all services to a single price list.ResultsHigher adjusted resource utilization was associated with donor age of 60 years or older (28% [$53,813] greater mean resource utilization; P=.005); recipient age of 60 years or older (17% [$32,795]; P=.01); alcoholic liver disease (26% [$49,596]; P=.002); Child-Pugh class C (41% [$67,658]; P<.001); care from the intensive care unit at time of transplant (42% [$77,833]; P<.001); death in the hospital (35% [$67,076]; P<.001); and having multiple liver transplants during the index hospitalization (154% increase [$474,740 vs $186,726 for 1 transplant]; P<.001). Adjusted length of stay and resource utilization also differed significantly among transplant centers.ConclusionsClinical, economic, and ethical dilemmas in liver transplantation are highlighted by these findings. Recipients who were older, had alcoholic liver disease, or were severely ill were the most expensive to treat; this suggests that organ allocation criteria may affect transplant costs. Clinical practices and resource utilization varied considerably among transplant centers; methods to reduce variation in practice patterns, such as clinical guidelines, might lower costs while maintaining quality of care.

Expanded and Recently Increased Glacier Surging in the Karakoram

Abstract: A review of published literature and satellite imagery from the late 1960s onwards has revealed 90 surge-type glaciers in the Karakoram mountains, of which 50 have not previously been described in detail. These glaciers were identified by a number of surface features indicative of surge-type behavior such as looped moraines, rapid terminus advance, strandlines and rapid changes in surface crevassing. These observations indicate that surge-type behavior is more common and widespread than previously believed on Karakoram glaciers. There is strong spatial clustering of the surge-type glaciers, and a doubling in the number of new surges in the 14 years after 1990 (26 surges) than in the 14 years before 1990 (13 surges). This is coincident with a period of increased precipitation and positive glacier mass balance in this region, and supports previous studies which have found that mass balance has an important control on the frequency of glacier surging.