University of Nebraska Omaha

About: University of Nebraska Omaha is a education organization based out in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 4526 authors who have published 8905 publications receiving 213914 citations. The organization is also known as: UNO & University of Omaha.

Behavioral discrimination between circumgenital odor from peri-ovulatory dominant and anovulatory female common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Abstract: Social peer groups of callitrichid monkeys [marmosets and tamarins] exhibit intrasexual dominance hierarchies in captivity. This laboratory study employed two-choice behavioral discrimination bioassys to test the hypothesis that scent from female common marmosets contains chemical cues that permit discrimination between dominant females in the peri-ovulatory versus luteal phase of the ovarian cycle and females holding dominant versus subordinate status. When scent from only dominant females was presented, marmosets directed significantly greater amounts of investigatory behavior toward peri-ovulatory scent versus scent collected during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. Animals of both sexes demonstrated significant discriminatory behavior between scent deposited by dominant versus subordinate females, but only when the dominant female was in the peri-ovulatory phase of the ovarian cycle. Test animals directed equal amounts of investigative behavior toward scent from luteal-phase dominant females and subordinate females. Female test subjects deposited significantly more scent marks over presented scents than did male subjects, particularly when the scent had been donated by a peri-ovulatory female. Chemical odors specific to the peri-ovulatory and luteal phases of the ovarian cycle may play a role in mediating behavioral interactions among marmosets. Am. J. Primatol. 46:265–284, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The Open Innovation in Science research field: a collaborative conceptualisation approach

Abstract: Openness and collaboration in scientific research are attracting increasing attention from scholars and practitioners alike. However, a common understanding of these phenomena is hindered by disciplinary boundaries and disconnected research streams. We link dispersed knowledge on Open Innovation, Open Science, and related concepts such as Responsible Research and Innovation by proposing a unifying Open Innovation in Science (OIS) Research Framework. This framework captures the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of open and collaborative practices along the entire process of generating and disseminating scientific insights and translating them into innovation. Moreover, it elucidates individual-, team-, organisation-, field-, and society‐level factors shaping OIS practices. To conceptualise the framework, we employed a collaborative approach involving 47 scholars from multiple disciplines, highlighting both tensions and commonalities between existing approaches. The OIS Research Framework thus serves as a basis for future research, informs policy discussions, and provides guidance to scientists and practitioners.

Specific neuroendocrine mechanisms not involving generalized stress mediate social regulation of female reproduction in cooperatively breeding marmoset monkeys.

Abstract: Competition within a social group can have dramatic consequences for an individual's fertility and fecundity. Social competition is certainly one of the major environmental selection pressures determining individual reproductive success. ' Recently, increasing numbers of studies employing genetic criteria have supported the principle that reproductive benefits accrue to socially dominant individual^?,^ At the proximate level, dominant females have traditionally been thought to gain reproductive advantages over subordinate females as a result of (1) harassment-induced stress inhibiting ovulation in subordinate females (e.g., cynomolgus monkeys, Macacafascicularis)$ (2) harassment-related pregnancy loss or infant loss suffered by subordinates (e.g., yellow baboons, Papio cynocephalu~),~.~ or ( 3 ) exclusion of subordinate females from resources crucial for successful reproduction, such as food (e.g., red deer, Cervus e l e p h ~ s ) ~ or 'helpers' to raise offspring (e.g., saddle back tamarins, Saguinus fuscicollis).8 Such dominance-driven harassment or exclusion exploits the generalized inhibitory reproductive responses that most vertebrate species show to chronic physiological stress, whether it is derived psychologically (i.e., harassment) or environmen-

The Police Culture: Research Implications for Psychological Services.

Abstract: The unique nature of law enforcement has always fostered a distinct subculture that often pushes law enforcement officers (LEOs) to accept unique cultural tenets that are quite different from those held by average citizens. As a result. LEOs may isolate themselves from commonplace family and social relationships, with the byproducts of mental, physical, and behavioral problems. Despite the prominence of the police culture in modern life, there is a paucity of empirical research. On the basis of a review of the behavioral science literature and research, this article describes the negative and positive cultural effects that merit consideration by psychologists. The implications for psychological services to LEOs are discussed.