University of North Carolina at Greensboro

About: University of North Carolina at Greensboro is a education organization based out in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 5481 authors who have published 13715 publications receiving 456239 citations. The organization is also known as: UNCG & UNC Greensboro.

A latent growth examination of fear development in infancy: contributions of maternal depression and the risk for toddler anxiety.

Abstract: Growth modeling was used to examine the developmental trajectory of infant temperamental fear with maternal fear and depressive symptoms as predictors of infant fearfulness and change in infant fear predicting toddler anxiety symptoms. In Study 1, a sample of 158 mothers reported their own depressive symptoms and fear when their children were 4 months of age and infant fearfulness at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months. Maternal symptoms of depression predicted steeper increases in infant fearfulness over time (z = 2.06, p < .05), with high initial infant fear and steeper increases in fear (intercept, z = 2.32, p < .05, and slope, z = 1.88, p < .05) predicting more severe toddler anxiety symptoms. In Study 2, an independent sample of 134 mothers completed measures of maternal depression and fear when the infants were 4 months old, and standardized laboratory observations of infant fear were made at 8, 10, and 12 months. Consistent with Study 1, maternal depression accounted for change in fearfulness (z = 2.30, p < .05), with more frequent and more severe maternal symptoms leading to greater increases in infant fear and increases in fearfulness z = 2.08, p < .05) leading to more problematic toddler anxiety. The implications and contributions of these findings are discussed in terms of methodology, fear development, and developmental psychopathology.

Inositol Phosphates Inhibit Uptake and Transport of Iron and Zinc by a Human Intestinal Cell Line

Abstract: To examine the influence of inositol phosphates on the uptake and absorption of Fe and Zn, Caco-2 cells were grown on either plastic (uptake studies) or porous membranes in bicameral chambers (transport/absorption studies). Caco-2, a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, was selected as the test cell because it spontaneously differentiates into polarized enterocyte-like cells at confluency. Uptake of Fe (added as Fe-nitrilotriacetate complex) from a calcium-free solution by fully differentiated cells was 37 pmol/cm2. Addition of 10-fold molar excess of individual inositol phosphates (IP3, IP4, IP5 or IP6) decreased Fe solubility by 13 to 25% and reduced Fe uptake by 50 to 65%. The rate of transport of Fe from the apical solution into the basolateral chamber [1.4 +/- 0.1 pmol/(h.cm2)] decreased (34-96%) in proportion to the degree of phosphorylation of the inositol derivative in the apical compartment. Uptake and transepithelial transport of Zn were 246 +/- 5 pmol/cm2 and 23 +/- 1 pmol/(h.cm2), respectively. The solubility, uptake and rate of transport of Zn also decreased in proportion to the degree of phosphorylation of inositol. These results demonstrate the inhibitory influence of IP3-IP6 on the uptake and transport of Fe and Zn and support the usefulness of the Caco-2 human cell line as an appropriate model for evaluating the effects of specific dietary factors on trace metal bioavailability.

Nurses and shiftwork: effects on physical health and mental depression.

Abstract: An examination was made of relationships between the physical health and mental depression of nurse shiftworkers and their scores on relevant social and work-related variables. Nurses on the day, afternoon, night and rotating shifts from five hospitals (n = 463) were surveyed using a mail-back questionnaire. Two alternative models were examined in the study. The first model suggests that shift work influences the physical health and mental depression of nurses, which in turn affect social and work-related variables including: family relations; formal and informal social participation; solitary activities; job performance; and job-related stress. Shiftwork's disturbance of the body's circadian rhythm would exert a direct affect on nurses' physical health and mental depression, which in turn would then affect other aspects of the nurses' lives. The second model suggests instead that shift work primarily affects social and work-related variables, which then influence physical health and mental depression. Circadian rhythm desynchronization, while still being a consequence of shiftwork, might not directly affect physical health and mental depression. Contrary to either of the two models proposed for the study, shiftwork was not found to be significantly related to either the nurses' physical health or mental depression. However, certain factors, when considered in conjunction with the unique shift-related job characteristics of nursing, may help to explain the study's unexpected findings.

A review on self-destructive defense behaviors in social insects

Abstract: Colony defense is a necessary but dangerous task for social insects, and nest defensive behaviors often lead to a premature death of the actor. As an extreme form of colony defense, self-sacrificial behaviors have evolved by kin selection in various social insects. Most self-sacrificial defensive mechanisms occur in response to an acute threat to the colony, but some behaviors are preemptive actions that avert harm to the colony. Self-sacrifice has also been observed as a form of preemptive defense against parasites and pathogens where individuals will abandon their normal colony function and die in self-exile to reduce the risk of infecting nestmates. Here, we provide an overview of the self-destructive defense mechanisms that eusocial insects have evolved and discuss avenues for future research into this form of altruism.

O envolvimento paterno durante a gestação

Abstract: O periodo de gestacao da companheira exige uma serie de adaptacoes por parte do pai, que precisa se preparar para os novos papeis que devera assumir frente ao bebe e a sua nova familia. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar como se da o envolvimento paterno durante o 3o trimestre de gestacao. Participaram deste estudo 35 pais que esperavam seu primeiro filho, com idades entre 21 e 40 anos. Os pais foram entrevistados individualmente e as suas respostas foram examinadas atraves de analise de conteudo. Os resultados indicaram que muitos pais estiveram envolvidos de diversas maneiras durante a gestacao de suas companheiras, mostrando-se emocionalmente conectados a gestante e ao bebe. No entanto, alguns pais ainda encontravam dificuldades quanto ao envolvimento com seu filho, parecendo nao percebe-lo como real e apresentando uma baixa ligacao emocional com a gestacao. Estes dados apontam para indicios de uma modificacao quanto a paternidade ja no periodo da gestacao, a qual se encontra cada vez menos restrita ao universo feminino.