University of Salford

About: University of Salford is a education organization based out in Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 13049 authors who have published 22957 publications receiving 537330 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Salford Manchester & The University of Salford Manchester.

The impact of urban areas on weather

Abstract: The industrial revolution led to a rapid development of urban areas. This has continued unremittingly over the last 200 years or so. In most urban areas the surface properties are heterogeneous, which has significant implications for energy budgets, water budgets and weather phenomena within the part of the earth's atmosphere that humans live. In this paper I discuss the structure of the planetary boundary layer, confining our analysis to the region above the rooftops (canopy layer) up to around the level where clouds form. It is in this part of the atmosphere that most of the weather impacting our lives occurs, and where the buildings of our cities impact the weather. In this review, observations of the structure of the urban atmospheric boundary layer are discussed. In particular the use of Doppler lidar provides measurements above the canopy layer. The impact of high-rise buildings is considered. Urban morphology impacts energy fluxes and airflow leading to phenomena such as the urban heat island and convective rainfall initiation. I discuss in situ surface-based remote sensing and satellite measurements of these effects. Measurements have been used with simple and complex numerical models to understand the complexity and balance of the interactions involved. Cities have been found to be sometimes up to 10 degC warmer than the surrounding rural areas, and to cause large increases in rainfall amounts. However, there are situations in which urban aerosol may suppress precipitation. Although much progress has been made in understanding these impacts, our knowledge remains incomplete. These limitations are identified. As city living becomes even more the norm for large numbers of people, it is imperative that we ensure that urban effects on the weather are included in development plans for the built environment of the future. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society

New offsite production and business models in construction: priorities for the future research agenda

Abstract: Despite the benefits offered by offsite construction, as a percentage, the offsite market is still relatively small. This phenomena is complex; but for brevity, includes a myriad of factors, not least: lack of awareness; supply chain challenges (capacity and knowledge); cultural perception; lack of viable business process models/solutions; and paucity of skills (design/manufacturing/construction). However, many governments are still promoting the offsite agenda through various conduits. Given this, a CIB Task Group (TG74) developed a research roadmap for new production and business models for the construction industry uptake. This paper summarises the work of TG74, where people, process and technology drivers were investigated for construction, manufacturing and design and mapped against three levels of priority and three timeframes. Results indicate that for people drivers, new skills are urgently needed in the design field within a 0–5 year timeframe (compared to a timeframe of 6–10 years for the manufacturing sector). Regarding process drivers, construction process was classed as high priority, followed by design process and manufacturing process. Finally, for technology drivers, construction technology was identified as being high priority, followed by design technology and manufacturing technology, all of which need to be addressed in the medium term. This study presents a roadmap for future uptake.

British Association of Dermatologists' guidelines for the management of onychomycosis 2014.

Abstract: British Association of Dermatologists’ guidelines for the management of onychomycosis 2014 M. Ameen, J.T. Lear, V. Madan, M.F. Mohd Mustapa and M. Richardson Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, U.K. Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, U.K. Salford Royal NHS Foundation Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford M6 8HD, U.K. British Association of Dermatologists, Willan House, 4 Fitzroy Square, London W1T 5HQ, U.K. Mycology Reference Centre Manchester, University Hospital of South Manchester, Southmoor Road, Manchester M23 9LT, U.K.

Uncovering the Limits of Patient-Centeredness: Implementing a Self-Management Trial for Chronic Illness:

Abstract: Research evaluating self-management of chronic conditions points to the effectiveness of interventions' changing the health behavior of individuals. However, we know little about how self-management is negotiated within health services. The authors designed a qualitative investigation to illuminate the quantitative findings of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a self-management program for people with inflammatory bowel disease. They conducted in-depth interviews with physicians and patients, and qualitative analysis illuminated the nature of doctor-patient encounters and possible reasons for lack of change in patient satisfaction with the consultation. The findings suggest that factors inhibiting effective patient-centered consultations include failure of physicians to incorporate expressed need relevant to people's self-management activities fully, interpretation of self-management as compliance with medical instructions, and the organization of outpatients' clinics. Giving attention to these barriers might maximize the opportunities for patient self-management of chronic illness based on a therapeutic alliance with health care professionals.

Optically nonlinear waves in thin films

Abstract: A new treatment of the behavior of TE nonlinear waves in an optically nonlinear film is given. The new mathematical results are expressed in terms of the physical parameters of the system and represent a straightforward way to introduce the necessary Jacobian elliptic functions. The optical nonlinearity is of the Kerr type and the numerical calculations are performed for a self-focusing medium. Dispersion curves labeled with optical power density at the lower film boundary, detailed plots of the variation of electric field amplitude as the wave number changes, and details of the power distribution across the guide are given. Since two values of a wave number can exist for the same power level and power thresholds exist, the system is of device interest in the area of optical switching.