Dust measurements in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko inbound to the Sun
Alessandra Rotundi,Alessandra Rotundi,Holger Sierks,Vincenzo Della Corte,Marco Fulle,Pedro J. Gutiérrez,Luisa Lara,Cesare Barbieri,Philippe Lamy,Rafael Rodrigo,Rafael Rodrigo,Detlef Koschny,Hans Rickman,Hans Rickman,H. U. Keller,José Juan López-Moreno,Mario Accolla,Mario Accolla,Jessica Agarwal,Michael F. A'Hearn,Nicolas Altobelli,Francesco Angrilli,M. Antonietta Barucci,Jean-Loup Bertaux,Ivano Bertini,Dennis Bodewits,E. Bussoletti,Luigi Colangeli,M. Cosi,Gabriele Cremonese,Jean-François Crifo,Vania Da Deppo,Björn Davidsson,Stefano Debei,Mariolino De Cecco,Francesca Esposito,M. Ferrari,M. Ferrari,Sonia Fornasier,F. Giovane,Bo Å. S. Gustafson,Simon F. Green,Olivier Groussin,Eberhard Grün,Carsten Güttler,M. Herranz,Stubbe F. Hviid,Wing Ip,Stavro Ivanovski,José M. Jerónimo,Laurent Jorda,J. Knollenberg,R. Kramm,Ekkehard Kührt,Michael Küppers,Monica Lazzarin,Mark Leese,Antonio C. López-Jiménez,F. Lucarelli,Stephen C. Lowry,Francesco Marzari,Elena Mazzotta Epifani,J. Anthony M. McDonnell,J. Anthony M. McDonnell,Vito Mennella,Harald Michalik,A. Molina,R. Morales,Fernando Moreno,Stefano Mottola,Giampiero Naletto,Nilda Oklay,Jose Luis Ortiz,Ernesto Palomba,Pasquale Palumbo,Pasquale Palumbo,Jean-Marie Perrin,Jean-Marie Perrin,J. E. Rodriguez,L. Sabau,Colin Snodgrass,Colin Snodgrass,Roberto Sordini,Nicolas Thomas,Cecilia Tubiana,Jean-Baptiste Vincent,Paul R. Weissman,K. P. Wenzel,Vladimir Zakharov,John C. Zarnecki,John C. Zarnecki +90 more
TLDR
In this article, the GIADA (Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator) experiment on the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft orbiting comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was used to detect 35 outflowing grains of mass 10−10 to 10−7 kilograms.Abstract:
Critical measurements for understanding accretion and the dust/gas ratio in the solar nebula, where planets were forming 4.5 billion years ago, are being obtained by the GIADA (Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator) experiment on the European Space Agency’s Rosetta spacecraft orbiting comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Between 3.6 and 3.4 astronomical units inbound, GIADA and OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System) detected 35 outflowing grains of mass 10−10 to 10−7 kilograms, and 48 grains of mass 10−5 to 10−2 kilograms, respectively. Combined with gas data from the MIRO (Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter) and ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis) instruments, we find a dust/gas mass ratio of 4 ± 2 averaged over the sunlit nucleus surface. A cloud of larger grains also encircles the nucleus in bound orbits from the previous perihelion. The largest orbiting clumps are meter-sized, confirming the dust/gas ratio of 3 inferred at perihelion from models of dust comae and trails.read more
Citations
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On the nucleus structure and activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Holger Sierks,Cesare Barbieri,Philippe Lamy,Rafael Rodrigo,Rafael Rodrigo,Detlef Koschny,Hans Rickman,H. U. Keller,H. U. Keller,Jessica Agarwal,Michael F. A'Hearn,Michael F. A'Hearn,Francesco Angrilli,A.-T. Auger,M. Antonella Barucci,Jean-Loup Bertaux,Ivano Bertini,Sebastien Besse,Dennis Bodewits,Claire Capanna,Gabriele Cremonese,Vania Da Deppo,Bjö Davidsson,Stefano Debei,Mariolino De Cecco,Francesca Ferri,Sonia Fornasier,Marco Fulle,Robert Gaskell,Lorenza Giacomini,Olivier Groussin,P. Gutierrez-Marques,Pedro J. Gutiérrez,Carsten Güttler,N. M. Hoekzema,Stubbe F. Hviid,Stubbe F. Hviid,Wing-Huen Ip,Wing-Huen Ip,Laurent Jorda,Jörg Knollenberg,Gábor L. Kovács,J. Rainer Kramm,Ekkehard Kührt,Michael Küppers,Fiorangela La Forgia,Luisa Lara,Monica Lazzarin,C. Leyrat,Jose J. Lopez Moreno,Sara Magrin,Simone Marchi,Francesco Marzari,Matteo Massironi,Harald Michalik,Richard Moissl,Stefano Mottola,Giampiero Naletto,Nilda Oklay,Maurizio Pajola,Marco Pertile,Frank Preusker,L. Sabau,Frank Scholten,Colin Snodgrass,Nicolas Thomas,Cecilia Tubiana,Jean-Baptiste Vincent,Klaus Peter Wenzel,Mirco Zaccariotto,Martin Pätzold +70 more
TL;DR: Images from the OSIRIS scientific imaging system onboard Rosetta show that the nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko consists of two lobes connected by a short neck, which raises the question of whether the two Lobes represent a contact binary formed 4.5 billion years ago, or a single body where a gap has evolved via mass loss.
Journal ArticleDOI
A homogeneous nucleus for comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from its gravity field
Martin Pätzold,Tom Andert,Matthias Hahn,Sami W. Asmar,Jean-Pierre Barriot,Michael K. Bird,Bernd Häusler,Kerstin Peter,Silvia Tellmann,Eberhard Grün,P. R. Weissman,Holger Sierks,Laurent Jorda,Robert Gaskell,Frank Preusker,Frank Scholten +15 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that the interior of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko is homogeneous and constant in density on a global scale without large voids.
Journal ArticleDOI
The global shape, density and rotation of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from preperihelion Rosetta/OSIRIS observations
Laurent Jorda,Robert Gaskell,Claire Capanna,Stubbe F. Hviid,Philippe Lamy,Josef Ďurech,G. Faury,Olivier Groussin,Pedro J. Gutiérrez,C. Jackman,S.J. Keihm,Horst Uwe Keller,Jörg Knollenberg,Ekkehard Kührt,Simone Marchi,Stefano Mottola,Eric Palmer,F. P. Schloerb,Holger Sierks,Jean-Baptiste Vincent,Michael F. A'Hearn,Cesare Barbieri,Rafael Rodrigo,Rafael Rodrigo,Detlef Koschny,Hans Rickman,M. A. Barucci,Jean-Loup Bertaux,Ivano Bertini,Gabriele Cremonese,V. Da Deppo,B. J. R. Davidsson,Stefano Debei,M. De Cecco,Sonia Fornasier,Marco Fulle,Carsten Güttler,Wing-Huen Ip,J.-R. Kramm,Michael Küppers,Luisa Lara,Monica Lazzarin,J. J. Lopez Moreno,Francesco Marzari,Giampiero Naletto,Nilda Oklay,Nicolas Thomas,Cecilia Tubiana,K.-P. Wenzel +48 more
TL;DR: In this article, a high-resolution shape model of the nucleus of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko was used to estimate the porosity of the surface of the cometary nucleus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Properties of the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko interior revealed by CONSERT radar
Wlodek Kofman,Alain Herique,Yves Barbin,Jean-Pierre Barriot,Valérie Ciarletti,Stephen M. Clifford,Peter Edenhofer,Charles Elachi,Christelle Eyraud,Jean Pierre Goutail,Essam Heggy,Essam Heggy,Laurent Jorda,Jérémie Lasue,Anny Chantal Levasseur-Regourd,Erling Nielsen,Pierre Pasquero,Frank Preusker,Pascal Puget,Dirk Plettemeier,Yves Rogez,Holger Sierks,Christoph Statz,Håkan Svedhem,Iwan P. Williams,Sonia Zine,Jakob van Zyl +26 more
TL;DR: Measurements of the interior of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko by Radiowave Transmission (CONSERT) suggest the upper part of the “head” of 67P is fairly homogeneous on a spatial scale of tens of meters, and the dust component may be comparable to that of carbonaceous chondrites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Insolation, erosion, and morphology of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Horst Uwe Keller,Stefano Mottola,B. J. R. Davidsson,Stefan Schröder,Yuri V. Skorov,Ekkehard Kührt,Olivier Groussin,Maurizio Pajola,Stubbe F. Hviid,Frank Preusker,F. Scholten,Michael F. A'Hearn,Holger Sierks,Cesare Barbieri,Philippe Lamy,Rafael Rodrigo,Rafael Rodrigo,Detlef Koschny,Hans Rickman,M. A. Barucci,J. L. Bertaux,Ivano Bertini,Gabriele Cremonese,V. Da Deppo,Stefano Debei,M. De Cecco,Sonia Fornasier,Marco Fulle,P. J. Gutiérrez,Wing-Huen Ip,Laurent Jorda,Jörg Knollenberg,J.-R. Kramm,Michael Küppers,Luisa Lara,Monica Lazzarin,J. J. Lopez Moreno,Francesco Marzari,Harald Michalik,Giampiero Naletto,L. Sabau,Nicolas Thomas,Jean-Baptiste Vincent,K. P. Wenzel,Jessica Agarwal,Carsten Güttler,Nilda Oklay,Cecilia Tubiana +47 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate the insolation of the cometary surface in order to predict the sublimation of water ice, and they use a two-layer model of a thin porous dust cover above an icy surface.
References
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TL;DR: The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study, and preliminary examination shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the nucleus structure and activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Holger Sierks,Cesare Barbieri,Philippe Lamy,Rafael Rodrigo,Rafael Rodrigo,Detlef Koschny,Hans Rickman,H. U. Keller,H. U. Keller,Jessica Agarwal,Michael F. A'Hearn,Michael F. A'Hearn,Francesco Angrilli,A.-T. Auger,M. Antonella Barucci,Jean-Loup Bertaux,Ivano Bertini,Sebastien Besse,Dennis Bodewits,Claire Capanna,Gabriele Cremonese,Vania Da Deppo,Bjö Davidsson,Stefano Debei,Mariolino De Cecco,Francesca Ferri,Sonia Fornasier,Marco Fulle,Robert Gaskell,Lorenza Giacomini,Olivier Groussin,P. Gutierrez-Marques,Pedro J. Gutiérrez,Carsten Güttler,N. M. Hoekzema,Stubbe F. Hviid,Stubbe F. Hviid,Wing-Huen Ip,Wing-Huen Ip,Laurent Jorda,Jörg Knollenberg,Gábor L. Kovács,J. Rainer Kramm,Ekkehard Kührt,Michael Küppers,Fiorangela La Forgia,Luisa Lara,Monica Lazzarin,C. Leyrat,Jose J. Lopez Moreno,Sara Magrin,Simone Marchi,Francesco Marzari,Matteo Massironi,Harald Michalik,Richard Moissl,Stefano Mottola,Giampiero Naletto,Nilda Oklay,Maurizio Pajola,Marco Pertile,Frank Preusker,L. Sabau,Frank Scholten,Colin Snodgrass,Nicolas Thomas,Cecilia Tubiana,Jean-Baptiste Vincent,Klaus Peter Wenzel,Mirco Zaccariotto,Martin Pätzold +70 more
TL;DR: Images from the OSIRIS scientific imaging system onboard Rosetta show that the nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko consists of two lobes connected by a short neck, which raises the question of whether the two Lobes represent a contact binary formed 4.5 billion years ago, or a single body where a gap has evolved via mass loss.
Journal ArticleDOI
OSIRIS – The Scientific Camera System Onboard Rosetta
H. U. Keller,Cesare Barbieri,Philippe Lamy,Hans Rickman,Rafael Rodrigo,K.-P. Wenzel,Holger Sierks,Michael F. A'Hearn,Francesco Angrilli,M. Angulo,M. E. Bailey,Peter Barthol,M. A. Barucci,Jean-Loup Bertaux,G. Bianchini,J.-L. Boit,V. Brown,Joseph A. Burns,I. Büttner,José María Bermúdez de Castro,Gabriele Cremonese,Gabriele Cremonese,Werner Curdt,V. Da Deppo,Stefano Debei,M. De Cecco,M. De Cecco,Kjetil Dohlen,Sonia Fornasier,Marco Fulle,D. Germerott,Fritz Gliem,Gian Paolo Guizzo,Stubbe F. Hviid,Wing-Huen Ip,Laurent Jorda,Detlef Koschny,J.-R. Kramm,Ekkehard Kührt,Michael Küppers,Luisa Lara,A. Llebaria,A. López,A. Lopez-Jimenez,J. J. López-Moreno,R. Meller,Harald Michalik,M. D. Michelena,R. Muller,Giampiero Naletto,Alain Origne,G. Parzianello,Marco Pertile,C. Quintana,Roberto Ragazzoni,Roberto Ragazzoni,P. Ramous,K.-U. Reiche,M. Reina,J. E. Rodriguez,Gérard Rousset,L. Sabau,A. Sanz,Jean-Pierre Sivan,K. Stöckner,J. Tabero,U. Telljohann,Nicolas Thomas,V. Timon,G. Tomasch,T. Wittrock,Mirco Zaccariotto +71 more
TL;DR: The Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System (OSIRIS) as discussed by the authors is the scientific camera system onboard the Rosetta spacecraft, which consists of a high resolution Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) and a wide angle Camera (WAC) units accompanied by three electronics boxes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Time variability and heterogeneity in the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Myrtha Hässig,Myrtha Hässig,Kathrin Altwegg,Hans Balsiger,Akiva Bar-Nun,Jean-Jacques Berthelier,André Bieler,André Bieler,Peter Bochsler,Christelle Briois,Ursina Calmonte,Michael R. Combi,J. De Keyser,J. De Keyser,Peter Eberhardt,B. Fiethe,Stephen A. Fuselier,Marina Galand,Sébastien Gasc,Tamas I. Gombosi,Kirk C. Hansen,Annette Jäckel,H. U. Keller,H. U. Keller,E. Kopp,A. Korth,Ekkehard Kührt,Léna Le Roy,Ulrich Mall,Bernard Marty,Olivier Mousis,Eddy Neefs,Tobias Owen,Henri Rème,Henri Rème,Martin Rubin,Thierry Sémon,Carmen Tornow,Chia-Yu Tzou,J. H. Waite,Peter Wurz +40 more
TL;DR: Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis onboard the Rosetta spacecraft has measured the coma composition of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with well-sampled time resolution per rotation, indicating a complex coma-nucleus relationship.
Journal ArticleDOI
Subsurface properties and early activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Samuel Gulkis,Mark Allen,Paul von Allmen,Gerard Beaudin,Nicolas Biver,Dominique Bockelée-Morvan,Mathieu Choukroun,Jacques Crovisier,Björn Davidsson,Pierre Encrenaz,Thérèse Encrenaz,Margaret A. Frerking,Paul Hartogh,Mark Hofstadter,Wing-Huen Ip,Michael Janssen,Christopher Jarchow,Stephen Keihm,Seungwon Lee,Emmanuel Lellouch,C. Leyrat,Ladislav Rezac,F. Peter Schloerb,F. Peter Schloerb,Thomas R. Spilker +24 more
TL;DR: Subsurface temperatures showed seasonal and diurnal variations, which indicated that the submillimeter radiation originated at depths comparable to the diurnal thermal skin depth of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.
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The morphological diversity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Nicolas Thomas,Holger Sierks,Cesare Barbieri,Philippe Lamy,Rafael Rodrigo,Hans Rickman,Detlef Koschny,H. U. Keller,H. U. Keller,Jessica Agarwal,Michael F. A'Hearn,Francesco Angrilli,A.-T. Auger,M. Antonella Barucci,Jean-Loup Bertaux,Ivano Bertini,Sebastien Besse,Dennis Bodewits,Gabriele Cremonese,Vania Da Deppo,B. J. R. Davidsson,Mariolino De Cecco,Stefano Debei,Mohamed Ramy El-Maarry,Francesca Ferri,Sonia Fornasier,Marco Fulle,Lorenza Giacomini,Olivier Groussin,Pedro J. Gutiérrez,Carsten Güttler,Stubbe F. Hviid,Wing-Huen Ip,Laurent Jorda,J. Knollenberg,J. Rainer Kramm,Ekkehard Kührt,Michael Küppers,Fiorangela La Forgia,Luisa Lara,Monica Lazzarin,Jose J. Lopez Moreno,Sara Magrin,Simone Marchi,Francesco Marzari,Matteo Massironi,Harald Michalik,Richard Moissl,Stefano Mottola,Giampiero Naletto,Nilda Oklay,Maurizio Pajola,Antoine Pommerol,Frank Preusker,L. Sabau,Frank Scholten,Colin Snodgrass,Cecilia Tubiana,Jean-Baptiste Vincent,K. P. Wenzel +59 more