Journal ArticleDOI
Nod2 is essential for temporal development of intestinal microbial communities
Ateequr Rehman,Christian Sina,Olga Gavrilova,Robert Häsler,Stephan J. Ott,John F. Baines,Stefan Schreiber,Philip Rosenstiel +7 more
TLDR
It is found that adult Nod2-deficient mice display a substantially altered microbial community structure and a significantly elevated bacterial load in their faeces and terminal ileum compared to their wild-type counterparts, and these findings are also present in weaning mice, indicating a profound influence of NOD2 on the early development and composition of the intestinal microbiota.Abstract:
Objective The mammalian commensal gut microbiota is highly diverse and displays an individual-specific composition determined by host genotype and environmental factors. The temporal development of host-microbial homeostasis in the digestive tract is recognised as a major function of the immune system. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are just beginning to come to light. Nucleotide-binding, oligomerisation domain 2 (NOD2) recognises bacterial muramyl dipeptide and is regarded as a pivotal sensor molecule of the intestinal barrier. The aim of this study was to investigate its influence on the development and composition of the intestinal microbiota using a Nod2-deficient mouse model. Methods The dynamics of faecal and ileal microbial composition were investigated in Nod2(+/+) and Nod2(-/-) mice on a C57BL/6J background. We assessed microbial diversity and composition using 16S ribosomal RNA gene-based clone library sequencing and high throughput pyrosequencing and quantified the observed changes by real-time PCR. Changes in the major bacterial phyla were investigated in human samples by quantitative real-time PCR. Results We found that adult Nod2-deficient mice display a substantially altered microbial community structure and a significantly elevated bacterial load in their faeces and terminal ileum compared to their wild-type counterparts. Interestingly, we demonstrate that these findings are also present in weaning mice, indicating a profound influence of Nod2 on the early development and composition of the intestinal microbiota. We demonstrate that NOD2 genotypes also influence the microbial composition in humans. Conclusions Our results point to an essential role of Nod2 for the temporal development and composition of the host microbiota, both in mice and in humans, which may contribute to the complex role of NOD2 for the aetiopathogenesis of Crohn's disease.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Human Genetics Shape the Gut Microbiome
Julia K. Goodrich,Jillian L. Waters,Angela C. Poole,Jessica L. Sutter,Omry Koren,Ran Blekhman,Michelle Beaumont,Will Van Treuren,Rob Knight,Rob Knight,Jordana T. Bell,Tim D. Spector,Andrew G. Clark,Ruth E. Ley +13 more
TL;DR: Compared microbiotas across >1,000 fecal samples obtained from the TwinsUK population, many microbial taxa whose abundances were influenced by host genetics were identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
The microbiome and cancer
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss links between the bacterial microbiota and cancer, with a particular focus on immune responses, dysbiosis, genotoxicity, metabolism and strategies to target the microbiome for cancer prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
ACE2 links amino acid malnutrition to microbial ecology and intestinal inflammation
Tatsuo Hashimoto,Thomas Perlot,Ateequr Rehman,Ateequr Rehman,Jean Trichereau,Hiroaki Ishiguro,Magdalena Paolino,Verena Sigl,Toshikatsu Hanada,Reiko Hanada,Simone Lipinski,Birgit Wild,Simone M. R. Camargo,Dustin Singer,Andreas Richter,Keiji Kuba,Akiyoshi Fukamizu,Stefan Schreiber,Hans Clevers,François Verrey,Philip Rosenstiel,Josef M. Penninger +21 more
TL;DR: The results identify ACE2 as a key regulator of dietary amino acid homeostasis, innate immunity, gut microbial ecology, and transmissible susceptibility to colitis, providing a molecular explanation for how amino acid malnutrition can cause intestinal inflammation and diarrhoea.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dysbiosis and the immune system
TL;DR: This Review categorizes dysbiosis in conceptual terms and provides an overview of immunological associations; the causes and consequences of bacterial Dysbiosis, and their involvement in the molecular aetiology of common diseases; and implications for the rational design of new therapeutic approaches.
Journal ArticleDOI
The resilience of the intestinal microbiota influences health and disease
TL;DR: The concepts and mechanisms of microbial resilience against dietary, antibiotic or bacteriotherapy-induced perturbations and the implications for human health are discussed.
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