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Tracing the cellular origin of cancer
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TLDR
This review explores how mouse genetic lineage-tracing experiments that allow the expression of oncogenes and/or the deletion of tumour suppressor genes in defined cell lineages have been instrumental in defining the cellular origin of different solid tumours in mouse models for various human cancers.Abstract:
Although many genes that lead to different types of cancer when mutated have been identified, the cells that initiate tumour formation following accumulation of these mutations have, until recently, remained elusive. This review explores how mouse genetic lineage-tracing experiments that allow the expression of oncogenes and/or the deletion of tumour suppressor genes in defined cell lineages have been instrumental in defining the cellular origin of different solid tumours in mouse models for various human cancers.read more
Citations
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Demonstration of CRISPR/Cas9/sgRNA-mediated targeted gene modification in Arabidopsis, tobacco, sorghum and rice
TL;DR: Adaptations of the type II CRISPR/Cas system leading to successful expression of the Cas9/sgRNA system in model plant and crop species bodes well for its near-term use as a facile and powerful means of plant genetic engineering for scientific and agricultural applications.
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Unravelling cancer stem cell potential
Benjamin Beck,Cédric Blanpain +1 more
TL;DR: In this Opinion article, the different parallels that can be drawn between adult SCs and CSCs in solid tumours are discussed.
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Dedifferentiation of committed epithelial cells into stem cells in vivo
Purushothama Rao Tata,Hongmei Mou,Ana Pardo-Saganta,Rui Zhao,Mythili Prabhu,Brandon M. Law,Vladimir Vinarsky,Josalyn L. Cho,Sylvie Breton,Amar Sahay,Benjamin D. Medoff,Jayaraj Rajagopal +11 more
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that differentiated airway epithelial cells can revert into stable and functional stem cells in vivo, and this capacity of committed cells to dedifferentiate into stem cells may have a more general role in the regeneration of many tissues and in multiple disease states, notably cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer Stem Cells: Basic Concepts and Therapeutic Implications
Dany Nassar,Cédric Blanpain +1 more
TL;DR: This review discusses how the concept of CSCs has been defined, what assays are currently used to define the functional properties of C SCs, what intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms regulate CSC functions, how plastic CSC's are, and the importance of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in conferring CSC properties.
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Defining the Hallmarks of Metastasis
Danny R. Welch,Douglas R. Hurst +1 more
TL;DR: By defining these first principles of metastasis, this review identifies four distinguishing features that are required: motility and invasion, ability to modulate the secondary site or local microenvironments, plasticity, and ability to colonize secondary tissues.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Reduction of p53 gene dosage does not increase initiation or promotion but enhances malignant progression of chemically induced skin tumors.
TL;DR: Absence of p53 does not augment the frequency of initiation or the rate of promotion but greatly enhances malignant progression, and most tumors from all groups had activating mutations in the H-ras gene.
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Somatic loss of BRCA1 and p53 in mice induces mammary tumors with features of human BRCA1-mutated basal-like breast cancer
X. Liu,Henne Holstege,Hanneke van der Gulden,Marcelle Treur-Mulder,John Zevenhoven,Arno Velds,Ron M. Kerkhoven,Martin H. van Vliet,Martin H. van Vliet,Lodewyk F. A. Wessels,Lodewyk F. A. Wessels,Johannes L. Peterse,Anton Berns,Jos Jonkers +13 more
TL;DR: Conditional mouse models with tissue-specific mutation of Brca1 and/or p53 in basal epithelial cells resulted in the rapid and efficient formation of highly proliferative, poorly differentiated, estrogen receptor-negative mammary carcinomas with pushing borders and increased expression of basal epitocyte markers, reminiscent of human basal-like breast cancer.
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The Sca-1 cell surface marker enriches for a prostate-regenerating cell subpopulation that can initiate prostate tumorigenesis.
TL;DR: Sca-1 (stem cell antigen-1) enriches for murine prostate cells capable of regenerating tubular structures containing basal and luminal cell lineages in a dissociated cell prostate regeneration system and can serve as targets for cancer initiation.
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Developmental Stage and Time Dictate the Fate of Wnt/β-Catenin-Responsive Stem Cells in the Mammary Gland
TL;DR: This study uncovers dynamic changes in Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the mammary epithelium and offers insights into the developmental fate of mammary gland stem and progenitor cells.
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Generation of a prostate from a single adult stem cell
TL;DR: The data establish that single cells in the adult mouse prostate with multipotent, self-renewal capacity are defined by a Lin-Sca-1+CD133+CD44+CD117+ phenotype, and demonstrate that a single stem cell defined by the phenotype can generate a prostate after transplantation in vivo.