Institution
Carleton University
Education•Ottawa, Ontario, Canada•
About: Carleton University is a education organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 15852 authors who have published 39650 publications receiving 1106610 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Lund University1, VU University Amsterdam2, Arizona State University3, Fridtjof Nansen Institute4, University of Toronto5, Colorado State University6, Durham University7, Yale University8, University of Waterloo9, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences10, Stockholm University11, Wageningen University and Research Centre12, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education13, University of Massachusetts Amherst14, University of East Anglia15, United Nations16, Tokyo Institute of Technology17, Slovak Academy of Sciences18, Chiang Mai University19, University of Oxford20, University of Arizona21, Carleton University22, University of Oregon23, University of Sussex24, Vrije Universiteit Brussel25, University of California, Riverside26, Colef27, University of Oslo28, University of Itaúna29, University of California, Santa Barbara30
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the current institutional framework for sustainable development is by far not strong enough to bring about the swift transformative progress that is needed, and that the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro must turn into a major stepping stone for a much stronger institutional framework.
237 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the average summertime net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) was highly variable between sites, and all sites with complete annual datasets, seven in total, acted as annual net sinks for atmospheric CO2.
Abstract: Many wetland ecosystems such as peatlands and wet tundra hold large amounts of organic carbon (C) in their soils, and are thus important in the terrestrial C cycle. We have synthesized data on the carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange obtained from eddy covariance measurements from 12 wetland sites, covering 1-7 years at each site, across Europe and North America, ranging from ombrotrophic and minerotrophic peatlands to wet tundra ecosystems, spanning temperate to arctic climate zones. The average summertime net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) was highly variable between sites. However, all sites with complete annual datasets, seven in total, acted as annual net sinks for atmospheric CO2. To evaluate the influence of gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (R-eco) on NEE, we first removed the artificial correlation emanating from the method of partitioning NEE into GPP and R-eco. After this correction neither R-eco (P = 0.162) nor GPP (P = 0.110) correlated significantly with NEE on an annual basis. Spatial variation in annual and summertime R-eco was associated with growing season period, air temperature, growing degree days, normalized difference vegetation index and vapour pressure deficit. GPP showed weaker correlations with environmental variables as compared with R-eco, the exception being leaf area index (LAI), which correlated with both GPP and NEE, but not with R-eco. Length of growing season period was found to be the most important variable describing the spatial variation in summertime GPP and R-eco; global warming will thus cause these components to increase. Annual GPP and NEE correlated significantly with LAI and pH, thus, in order to predict wetland C exchange, differences in ecosystem structure such as leaf area and biomass as well as nutritional status must be taken into account.
237 citations
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TL;DR: The strong inhibiting effect of the cytokinins may well be the basis for the marked inhibition exerted by the root-tip on lateral root formation, while the promoting effects of auxins may explain the previously observed promotion of lateralRoot formation by the young shoot and cotyledons.
Abstract: The decapitated primary root of 3-day-old Alaska pea seedlings has been used as a test system to determine the activities on lateral root formation of six auxins, six cytokinins and several other naturally-occurring compounds. Their effects were assessed on (1) the initiation of lateral root primordia, (2) the emergence of visible lateral roots, and (3) the elongation of these laterals.
All the auxins, at the optimum concentration of 10-4M, promoted the initiation of lateral root primordia, and all except 3-indolylpropionic acid inhibited the elongation of the resulting lateral roots. Their effects on the emergence of laterals were small and varied. All the cytokinins, at 10-6M and above, inhibited both the initiation and the emergence of lateral roots, zeatin being the most powerful inhibitor. The emergence process was about twice as sensitive as the initiation of primordia to the presence of cytokinins. The cytokinin ribosides were generally less active than the free bases. Abscisic acid and xanthoxin inhibited both emergence and elongation, the concentration for 50% decrease of emergence being about 10-4M. Gibberellic acid had little clear effect on any of the three criteria. Nicotinic acid and thiamine at 10-3M promoted both the initiation of primordia and their emergence: pyridoxal phosphate stimulated both emergence and elongation but did not influence the initiation of primordia. Adenine and guanine had little effect but decreased root elongation some 25%.
The strong inhibiting effect of the cytokinins may well be the basis for the marked inhibition exerted by the root-tip on lateral root formation, while the promoting effects of auxins may explain the previously observed promotion of lateral root formation by the young shoot and cotyledons.
237 citations
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TL;DR: Evidence for group-based trust in strangers is provided and measures of expected share of the allocator's funds support the hypothesis that differential trust of in-group members results from expectations of altruistic and fair behavior toward fellow in- group members rather than from positive stereotypes of the in-groups.
Abstract: Across two studies, we provide evidence for group-based trust in strangers. Specifically, when we offered participants a choice between an unknown monetary allocation made by an in-group (university or major) or an out-group allocator, both of whom had total control over the distribution of an identical sum of money, participants strongly preferred the in-group allocator. This preference occurred regardless of whether the stereotype of the in-group was relatively more positive or more negative than that of the out-group. However, this preference did not persist when participants believed that the allocator was unaware of their group membership. Measures of expected share of the allocator's funds support our hypothesis that differential trust of in-group members results from expectations of altruistic and fair behavior toward fellow in-group members rather than from positive stereotypes of the in-group.
237 citations
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01 Oct 1987TL;DR: The iterative force-directed scheduling algorithm attempts to balance the distribution of operations that make use of the same hardware resources and has O(n/sup2/) complexity.
Abstract: The HAL system performs data path synthesis using a new scheduling algorithm that is part of an interdependent scheduling and allocation scheme. This scheme uses an estimate of the hardware allocation to guide and optimize the scheduling subtask. The allocation information includes the number, type, speed and cost of hardware modules as well as the associated multiplexer and interconnect costs. The iterative force-directed scheduling algorithm attempts to balance the distribution of operations that make use of the same hardware resources: * Every feasible control step assignment is evaluated at each iteration, for all operations. * The associated side-effects on all the predecessor and successor operations are taken into account. * All the decisions are global. * The algorithm has O(n/sup2/) complexity. We review and compare existing scheduling techniques. Moderate and difficult examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
236 citations
Authors
Showing all 16102 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
George F. Koob | 171 | 935 | 112521 |
Zhenwei Yang | 150 | 956 | 109344 |
Andrew White | 149 | 1494 | 113874 |
J. S. Keller | 144 | 981 | 98249 |
R. Kowalewski | 143 | 1815 | 135517 |
Manuella Vincter | 131 | 944 | 122603 |
Gabriella Pasztor | 129 | 1401 | 86271 |
Beate Heinemann | 129 | 1085 | 81947 |
Claire Shepherd-Themistocleous | 129 | 1211 | 86741 |
Monica Dunford | 129 | 906 | 77571 |
Dave Charlton | 128 | 1065 | 81042 |
Ryszard Stroynowski | 128 | 1320 | 86236 |
Peter Krieger | 128 | 1171 | 81368 |
Thomas Koffas | 128 | 942 | 76832 |
Aranzazu Ruiz-Martinez | 126 | 783 | 71913 |