Institution
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Nonprofit•Cape Town, South Africa•
About: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center is a nonprofit organization based out in Cape Town, South Africa. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Transplantation. The organization has 12322 authors who have published 30954 publications receiving 2288772 citations. The organization is also known as: Fred Hutch & The Hutch.
Topics: Population, Transplantation, Cancer, Breast cancer, Prostate cancer
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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National Institutes of Health1, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences2, Chinese Academy of Sciences3, University of Milan4, American Cancer Society5, University of Minnesota6, Johns Hopkins University7, University of Washington8, International Agency for Research on Cancer9, University of Toronto10, Fondation Jean Dausset Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain11, University Health Network12, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center13, Norwegian University of Science and Technology14, University of Tromsø15, French Institute of Health and Medical Research16, University of Tartu17, University of Liverpool18, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center19, deCODE genetics20, University of Cambridge21, University of Göttingen22, German Cancer Research Center23, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich24
TL;DR: A lung cancer GWAS identified a distinct hereditary contribution to adenocarcinoma, and previously reported association signals on 15q25 and 6p21 were refined, but no additional loci reached genome-wide significance.
Abstract: Three genetic loci for lung cancer risk have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but inherited susceptibility to specific histologic types of lung cancer is not well established. We conducted a GWAS of lung cancer and its major histologic types, genotyping 515,922 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5739 lung cancer cases and 5848 controls from one population-based case-control study and three cohort studies. Results were combined with summary data from ten additional studies, for a total of 13,300 cases and 19,666 controls of European descent. Four studies also provided histology data for replication, resulting in 3333 adenocarcinomas (AD), 2589 squamous cell carcinomas (SQ), and 1418 small cell carcinomas (SC). In analyses by histology, rs2736100 (TERT), on chromosome 5p15.33, was associated with risk of adenocarcinoma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13–1.33, p = 3.02 × 10−7), but not with other histologic types (OR = 1.01, p = 0.84 and OR = 1.00, p = 0.93 for SQ and SC, respectively). This finding was confirmed in each replication study and overall meta-analysis (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.17–1.31, p = 3.74 × 10−14 for AD; OR = 0.99, p = 0.69 and OR = 0.97, p = 0.48 for SQ and SC, respectively). Other previously reported association signals on 15q25 and 6p21 were also refined, but no additional loci reached genome-wide significance. In conclusion, a lung cancer GWAS identified a distinct hereditary contribution to adenocarcinoma.
532 citations
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TL;DR: It is proposed that pairing of repeats underlies heterochromatin formation and is responsible for diverse gene silencing phenomena in animals and plants.
532 citations
National Institutes of Health1, Harvard University2, Mayo Clinic3, New York University4, Utrecht University5, University of Minnesota6, Mercy Medical Center (Baltimore, Maryland)7, American Cancer Society8, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center9, Vanderbilt University10, University of Cambridge11, University of California, San Francisco12, German Cancer Research Center13, French Institute of Health and Medical Research14, Johns Hopkins University15, University of Toronto16, International Agency for Research on Cancer17, Michigan State University18, Veterans Health Administration19, Umeå University20, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center21, Science Applications International Corporation22, Ohio State University23, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center24, Group Health Cooperative25, Imperial College London26, Aalborg University27, Baylor College of Medicine28, Yale University29, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens30, Kaiser Permanente31, National Institute for Health and Welfare32, University at Buffalo33
TL;DR: An association between a locus on 9q34 and pancreatic cancer marked by the SNP rs505922 is identified, consistent with earlier epidemiologic evidence suggesting that people with blood group O may have a lower risk of pancreaticcancer than those with groups A or B.
Abstract: We conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study of pancreatic cancer, a cancer with one of the lowest survival rates worldwide. We genotyped 558,542 SNPs in 1,896 individuals with pancreatic cancer and 1,939 controls drawn from 12 prospective cohorts plus one hospital-based case-control study. We conducted a combined analysis of these groups plus an additional 2,457 affected individuals and 2,654 controls from eight case-control studies, adjusting for study, sex, ancestry and five principal components. We identified an association between a locus on 9q34 and pancreatic cancer marked by the SNP rs505922 (combined P = 5.37 x 10(-8); multiplicative per-allele odds ratio 1.20; 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.28). This SNP maps to the first intron of the ABO blood group gene. Our results are consistent with earlier epidemiologic evidence suggesting that people with blood group O may have a lower risk of pancreatic cancer than those with groups A or B.
532 citations
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TL;DR: Evidence is provided that expression of the viral genome is optimal in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, and that Vpr increases virus production by delaying cells at the point of thecell cycle where the long terminal repeat (LTR) is most active.
Abstract: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes a protein, called Vpr, that prevents proliferation of infected cells by arresting them in G2 of the cell cycle. This Vpr-mediated cell-cycle arrest is also conserved among highly divergent simian immunodeficiency viruses, suggesting an important role in the virus life cycle. However, it has been unclear how this could be a selective advantage for the virus. Here we provide evidence that expression of the viral genome is optimal in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, and that Vpr increases virus production by delaying cells at the point of the cell cycle where the long terminal repeat (LTR) is most active. Although Vpr is selected against when virus is adapted to tissue culture, we show that selection for Vpr function in vivo occurs in both humans and chimpanzees infected with HIV-1. These results suggest a novel mechanism for maximizing virus production in the face of rapid killing of infected target cells.
532 citations
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TL;DR: A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a monthly vaginal ring containing dapivirine, a non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitor involving women between the ages of 18 and 45 years in Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe finds that using longer-acting methods of drug delivery, such as vaginal rings, may simplify use of antiretroviral medications and provide HIV- 1 protection.
Abstract: BackgroundAntiretroviral medications that are used as prophylaxis can prevent acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, in clinical trials among African women, the incidence of HIV-1 infection was not reduced, probably because of low adherence. Longer-acting methods of drug delivery, such as vaginal rings, may simplify use of antiretroviral medications and provide HIV-1 protection. MethodsWe conducted a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a monthly vaginal ring containing dapivirine, a non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, involving women between the ages of 18 and 45 years in Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. ResultsAmong the 2629 women who were enrolled, 168 HIV-1 infections occurred: 71 in the dapivirine group and 97 in the placebo group (incidence, 3.3 and 4.5 per 100 person-years, respectively). The incidence of HIV-1 infection in the dapivirine group was lower by 27% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1 to 46; P=0....
532 citations
Authors
Showing all 12368 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Walter C. Willett | 334 | 2399 | 413322 |
Robert Langer | 281 | 2324 | 326306 |
Meir J. Stampfer | 277 | 1414 | 283776 |
JoAnn E. Manson | 270 | 1819 | 258509 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Peer Bork | 206 | 697 | 245427 |
Eric Boerwinkle | 183 | 1321 | 170971 |
Ruedi Aebersold | 182 | 879 | 141881 |
Bruce M. Psaty | 181 | 1205 | 138244 |
Aaron R. Folsom | 181 | 1118 | 134044 |
David Baker | 173 | 1226 | 109377 |
Frederick W. Alt | 171 | 577 | 95573 |
Lily Yeh Jan | 162 | 467 | 73655 |
Yuh Nung Jan | 162 | 460 | 74818 |
Charles N. Serhan | 158 | 728 | 84810 |