Jewish Hospital

About: Jewish Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Antigen & Population. The organization has 3881 authors who have published 3414 publications receiving 123044 citations.

Childhood risk factors predict cardiovascular disease, impaired fasting glucose plus type 2 diabetes mellitus, and high blood pressure 26 years later at a mean age of 38 years: the Princeton-lipid research clinics follow-up study

Abstract: The objective was to assess whether pediatric risk factors predict cardiovascular disease (CVD), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) + type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and high blood pressure (HBP) in young adulthood. We performed a prospective follow-up of 909 public-parochial suburban schoolchildren first studied at ages 6 to 18 years and 26 years later at a mean age of 38 years. Pediatric triglycerides (TGs), blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and glucose above and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol below established pediatric cutoffs, along with race, cigarette smoking, family history of CVD, T2DM, and HBP, were assessed as determinants of young adult CVD, a composite variable including IFG + T2DM and HBP. By stepwise logistic regression, adult CVD (19 yes, 862 no) was associated with pediatric high TG (odds ratio [OR], 5.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-14.7). High TG in pediatric probands with young adult CVD was familial and was associated with early CVD in their high-TG parents. Adult IFG + T2DM (114 yes, 535 no) was associated with parental T2DM (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.38-3.6), high childhood glucose (OR, 4.43; 95% CI, 2-9.7), and childhood cigarette smoking (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.03-2.61). Adult HBP (133 yes, 475 no) was associated with pediatric high body mass index (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7-4.3) and HBP (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.5-4.3). Pediatric risk factors are significantly, independently related to young adult CVD, IFG + T2DM, and HBP. Identification of pediatric risk factors for CVD, IFG + T2DM, and HBP facilitates initiation of primary prevention programs to reduce development of adult CVD, IFG + T2DM, and HBP.

Extrathymic T cell maturation. Phenotypic analysis of T cell subsets in nude mice as a function of age.

Abstract: T cell maturation in an extrathymic environment has been studied using as a model the congenitally athymic nude mouse. Phenotypic analyses as a function of age were conducted on lymphocytes obtained from the spleens and lymph nodes of nude mice through use of mAb recognizing T cell surface markers and multiparameter flow cytometry. The data show that nude mice accumulate increasing numbers of lymphocytes bearing Thy-1, CD3, CD4, and CD8 with age characterized by a progression from heterogeneous dim to more homogeneous bright expression. In contrast, the expression of heat-stable Ag (HSA), a marker of immature thymocytes, decreases with age. By analogy to intrathymic maturation, spleens and lymph nodes in nude mice contain T cells defined as immature, transitional, and mature based on the expression of these markers. Although the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells associated with bright CD3 expression increases with age, at no age are significant numbers of CD4+8+ cells observed, in contrast to intrathymic T cell maturation. In addition to the frequently observed inversion in the ratio of CD4 to CD8, the CD8 T cell subpopulation in older nude mice contains mainly mature cells (CD8+, CD3+, HSA-) whereas only 50% of CD4+ T cells express the mature (CD4+, CD3+, HSA-) phenotype. At any age, the spectrum of phenotypes observed indicates that lymph nodes contain more mature T cells than spleen, suggesting a role for environmental Ag in driving extrathymic maturation, a process occurring most efficiently among CD8+ T cells. Because extrathymic maturation mirrors some but not all aspects of the intrathymic pathway, we propose that the nude mouse may be a useful model for further dissecting those interactions crucial to establishing the T cell repertoire in euthymic individuals as well as elucidating the contribution of extrathymically derived T cells to the peripheral immune system.

Accumulation of surfactant protein D in human pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Abstract: Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collagenous calcium-dependent carbohydrate-binding protein that is structurally related to the serum mannose-binding proteins and pulmonary surfactant protein A. SP-D was initially characterized as a biosynthetic product of freshly isolated rat type II cells and first purified in chemical amounts from bronchoalveolar lavage of rats with silica-induced alveolar lipoproteinosis. The present studies describe the characterization of human SP-D isolated from therapeutic bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Human proteinosis SP-D was extracted from the 10,000 x g pellet of bronchoalveolar lavage with 100 mmol/L glucose or ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, and specifically bound to and eluted from maltosyl-agarose. The protein cross-reacted with monospecific antibodies to rat SP-D by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot and eluted near the position of rat SP-D on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. When chromatographed on 4% agarose (A-15M) in the presence of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, the solubilized human proteinosis SP-D eluted near the void volume and earlier than rat SP-D dodecamers or human SP-D multimers in the lavage supernatant. Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of proteins in the lavage pellet with antibodies to the carbohydrate-binding domain of proteinosis human SP-D demonstrated covalently cross-linked multimers of SP-D monomers (43 kd, reduced) and multimers of trimeric components stabilized by disulfide and non-disulfide bonds. These studies describe the isolation and biochemical characterization of human SP-D and demonstrate the abnormal accumulation of this protein in the air spaces of patients with alveolar proteinosis.

Innovative solutions: the effect of a workshop on reducing the experience of moral distress in an intensive care unit setting.

Abstract: Moral distress is the knowledge of the ethically appropriate action to take but the inability to act upon it. This phenomenon is one experienced in the critical care setting. To help staff members cope with moral distress, a team conducted workshops at one facility to help the staff identify and cope with this distress. The workshop consisted of discussions of distressing situations in the intensive care unit, didactic information on moral distress, formulation of an individual plan to reduce stress, and strategies to deal with moral distress in the intensive care unit. This article discusses the workshop and its effect on participants' coping with moral distress.

Genetic Theory of the Rh Blood Types.

Abstract: SummaryThree varieties of anti-Rh agglutinins have been encountered, designated as anti-Rh (standard), anti-Rh1, and anti-Rh2, and agglutinating, respectively, approximately 85%, 70%, and 35% of bloods from white individuals in New York City. Human sera containing agglutinins anti-Rh and anti-Rh1 together are designated anti-Rh' sera containing the two agglutinins anti-Rh and anti-Rh2 are designated anti-Rh”. By means of the 3 sorts of Rh agglutinins, 5 varieties of Rh agglutinogens are demonstrable, designated as Rh1, Rh2, Rh, Rh′, and Rh”. These in combination give rise to 8 Rh blood types (including the Rh-negative type), of which all but one, the rarest, have actually been encountered. A theory to explain the heredity of the Rh blood types is proposed in which the existence of 6 allelic genes is postulated. Evidence in support of the theory is presented and some of the implications of the theory are mentioned.