Jewish Hospital

About: Jewish Hospital is a healthcare organization based out in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Antigen & Population. The organization has 3881 authors who have published 3414 publications receiving 123044 citations.

Use of sulfated polysaccharides to decrease cholesterol and fatty acid absorption

Abstract: This invention encompasses a method and compositions which inhibit pancreatic cholesterol esterase and triglyceride lipase and hence, lower cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood stream.

Cyclic AMP as a second messenger in the skeletal actions of parathyroid hormone: a decade-old hypothesis.

Abstract: Parathyroid hormone occupies a pivotal position among the many humoral factors that regulate bone remodeling. It is the principal physiological stimulator of bone resorption, and exerts acute inhibitory and chronic stimulatory effects on bone formation as well (see refs. 1, 2, and 3 for reviews). Its mode of action at the cellular level has been subjected to vigorous inquiry. In the decade that has past since Chase, Fedak, and Aurbach [4] first reported the enhancement of adenylate cyclase activity in bone homogenates by parathyroid hormone, cyclic AMP has become an accepted second (intracellular) messenger for its skeletal effects, having satisfied in large part the criteria of Robison, Butcher, and Sutherland [5]. We now know that parathyroid hormone rapidly augments cyclic AMP production in bone cells, and that certain exogenous cyclic AMP analogues and phosphodiesterase inhibitors reproduce its actions (see ref. 6 for review). Other humoral agents that affect remodeling such as prostaglandins of the E series also increase bone cell cyclic AMP levels [.6]. Although these are persuasive arguments, they are not in themselves sufficient to prove that cyclic AMP is a second messenger in bone. It is possible to identify five reasons for caution. First, parathyroid hormone elicits cyclic AMP responses in many nonskeletal tissues, some of which bear no obvious relationship to its physiological missions [7-14]. Second, metabolites of Vitamin D, like prostaglandins E1 and E2, mimic the resorption-stimulating effect of the hormone, but fail to modify skeletal cyclic AMP production [15-20]. Third, the effects of parathyroid hormone on cyclic AMP metabolism cannot yet be assigned with confidence to functionally specific types of bone cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts). Fourth, studies with exo-

Incunabular Immunological Events in Prion Trafficking

Abstract: While prions probably interact with the innate immune system immediately following infection, little is known about this initial confrontation. Here we investigated incunabular events in lymphotropic and intranodal prion trafficking by following highly enriched, fluorescent prions from infection sites to draining lymph nodes. We detected biphasic lymphotropic transport of prions from the initial entry site upon peripheral prion inoculation. Prions arrived in draining lymph nodes cell autonomously within two hours of intraperitoneal administration. Monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) required Complement for optimal prion delivery to lymph nodes hours later in a second wave of prion trafficking. B cells constituted the majority of prion-bearing cells in the mediastinal lymph node by six hours, indicating intranodal prion reception from resident DCs or subcapsulary sinus macrophages or directly from follicular conduits. These data reveal novel, cell autonomous prion lymphotropism, and a prominent role for B cells in intranodal prion movement.