National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

About: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology is a government organization based out in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Thin film. The organization has 22114 authors who have published 65856 publications receiving 1669827 citations. The organization is also known as: Sangyō Gijutsu Sōgō Kenkyū-sho.

Colossal electroresistance of a Pr 0.7 Ca 0.3 Mn O 3 thin film at room temperature

Abstract: The electronic conduction through a ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.3}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ thin film is investigated by measurements using dc and pulsed biases. Semiconducting ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.3}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ films sandwiched by electrodes show both hysteretic and asymmetric behaviors in current-voltage characteristics. The observed conduction characteristics exhibit the space-charge-limited-current effect, and the hysteretic behavior can be ascribed to a carrier trapping and detrapping of the trap sites in the manganite. The hysteresis induces a colossal electroresistance (CER) of more than 5000% at room temperature. The CER ratio is independent of the duration time of pulses from an infinite (dc) down to $150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$, indicating that the carrier filling of all the traps can be completed within a short time.

An automated truck platoon for energy saving

Abstract: This paper presents an automated truck platoon that has been developed under a national ITS project named “Energy ITS.” The project, started in 2008, aims at energy saving and global warming prevention with ITS technologies. A platoon of 3 fully-automated trucks currently drives at 80 km/h with the gap of 10 m on a test truck and along an expressway before public use, under not only steady state driving but also lane changing. The lateral control is based on the lane marker detection by the computer vision, and the longitudinal control is based on the gap measurement by 76 GHz radar and lidar in addition to the inter-vehicle communications of 5.8 GHz DSRC. The radar and lidar also work as the obstacle detection. The feature of the technologies is the high reliability, aiming at the near future introduction. Fuel consumption measurement on a test track and along an expressway shows that the fuel can be saved by about 14 %. The evaluation simulation shows that the effectiveness of the platooning with the gap of 10 m when the 40 % penetration in heavy trucks is 2.1 % reduction of CO 2 along an expressway. The introduction scenario is also discussed.

A bHLH-Type Transcription Factor, ABA-INDUCIBLE BHLH-TYPE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR/JA-ASSOCIATED MYC2-LIKE1, Acts as a Repressor to Negatively Regulate Jasmonate Signaling in Arabidopsis

Abstract: Jasmonates (JAs) are plant hormones that regulate the balance between plant growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although recent studies have uncovered the mechanisms for JA-induced responses in Arabidopsis thaliana, the mechanisms by which plants attenuate the JA-induced responses remain elusive. Here, we report that a basic helix-loop-helix–type transcription factor, ABA-INDUCIBLE BHLH-TYPE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR/JA-ASSOCIATED MYC2-LIKE1 (JAM1), acts as a transcriptional repressor and negatively regulates JA signaling. Gain-of-function transgenic plants expressing the chimeric repressor for JAM1 exhibited substantial reduction of JA responses, including JA-induced inhibition of root growth, accumulation of anthocyanin, and male fertility. These plants were also compromised in resistance to attack by the insect herbivore Spodoptera exigua. Conversely, jam1 loss-of-function mutants showed enhanced JA responsiveness, including increased resistance to insect attack. JAM1 and MYC2 competitively bind to the target sequence of MYC2, which likely provides the mechanism for negative regulation of JA signaling and suppression of MYC2 functions by JAM1. These results indicate that JAM1 negatively regulates JA signaling, thereby playing a pivotal role in fine-tuning of JA-mediated stress responses and plant growth.