National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

About: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology is a government organization based out in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Thin film. The organization has 22114 authors who have published 65856 publications receiving 1669827 citations. The organization is also known as: Sangyō Gijutsu Sōgō Kenkyū-sho.

A realtime pattern generator for biped walking

Abstract: For real-time walking control of a biped robot, we analyze the dynamics of a three-dimensional inverted pendulum whose motions are constrained onto an arbitrarily defined plane. This analysis leads us a simple linear dynamics, the Three-Dimensional Linear Inverted Pendulum Mode (3D-LIPM). Geometric nature of trajectories under the 3D-LIPM is discussed, and an algorithm for walking pattern generation is presented. Experimental results of real-time walking control of a 12-DOF biped robot HRP-2L using an input device such as a game pad are also shown.

Preparation and Luminescence Spectra of Calcium- and Rare-Earth (R = Eu, Tb, and Pr)-Codoped α-SiAlON Ceramics

Abstract: Rare-earth-doped oxynitride or nitride compounds have been reported to be luminescent and may then serve as new phosphors with good thermal and chemical stabilities. In this work, we report the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of europium-, terbium-, and praseodymium-doped Ca-α-SiAlON ceramics. The highly dense ceramics were prepared by hot pressing at 1750°C for 1 h under 20 MPa in a nitrogen atmosphere. Europium-doped Ca-α-SiAlON displayed a single broad emission band peaking at λ = 550-590 nm depending on the europium concentration. The emission bands in the spectra of europium-doped Ca-α-SiAlONs were assigned to the allowed transition of Eu 2+ from the lowest crystal field component of 4f 6 5d to 8 S 7/2 (4f 7 ) ground-state level. The emission spectra of terbium- and praseodymium-doped Ca-α-SiAlON ceramics both consisted of several sharp lines, which were attributed to the 5 D 4 → 7 F j (j = 3, 4, 5, 6) transitions of Tb 3+ and 3 P o → 3 H j (j = 3, 4, 5) transitions of Pr 3+ , respectively. In particular, the terbium-doped α-SiAlON ceramics showed a strong green emission among these phosphors.

Intrinsic spin Hall effect in platinum: first-principles calculations.

Abstract: Spin Hall effect (SHE) is studied with first-principles relativistic band calculations for platinum, which is one of the most important materials for metallic SHE and spintronics. We find that intrinsic spin Hall conductivity (SHC) is as large as $\ensuremath{\sim}2000(\ensuremath{\hbar}/e)(\ensuremath{\Omega}\text{ }\mathrm{cm}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at low temperature and decreases down to $\ensuremath{\sim}200(\ensuremath{\hbar}/e)(\ensuremath{\Omega}\text{ }\mathrm{cm}{)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at room temperature. It is due to the resonant contribution from the spin-orbit splitting of the doubly degenerated $d$ bands at high-symmetry $L$ and $X$ points near the Fermi level. By modeling these near degeneracies by an effective Hamiltonian, we show that SHC has a peak near the Fermi energy and that the vertex correction due to impurity scattering vanishes. We therefore argue that the large SHE observed experimentally in platinum is of intrinsic nature.

Atomic-Scale Sources and Mechanism of Nanoscale Electronic Disorder in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ

Abstract: The randomness of dopant atom distributions in cuprate high–critical temperature superconductors has long been suspected to cause nanoscale electronic disorder. In the superconductor Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+δ , we identified populations of atomic-scale impurity states whose spatial densities follow closely those of the oxygen dopant atoms. We found that the impurity-state locations are strongly correlated with all manifestations of the nanoscale electronic disorder. This disorder occurs via an unanticipated mechanism exhibiting high-energy spectral weight shifts, with associated strong superconducting coherence peak suppression but very weak scattering of low-energy quasi-particles.

Exploring deep microbial life in coal-bearing sediment down to ~2.5 km below the ocean floor

Abstract: Microbial life inhabits deeply buried marine sediments, but the extent of this vast ecosystem remains poorly constrained. Here we provide evidence for the existence of microbial communities in ~40° to 60°C sediment associated with lignite coal beds at ~1.5 to 2.5 km below the seafloor in the Pacific Ocean off Japan. Microbial methanogenesis was indicated by the isotopic compositions of methane and carbon dioxide, biomarkers, cultivation data, and gas compositions. Concentrations of indigenous microbial cells below 1.5 km ranged from <10 to ~10^4 cells cm^(−3). Peak concentrations occurred in lignite layers, where communities differed markedly from shallower subseafloor communities and instead resembled organotrophic communities in forest soils. This suggests that terrigenous sediments retain indigenous community members tens of millions of years after burial in the seabed.