Showing papers by "Nova Southeastern University published in 2014"
TL;DR: In this article, the effective ways to conduct in-depth, qualitative interviews for novice investigators by employing a step-by-step process for implementation is discussed. But, the authors focus on the qualitative research design of the interview protocol, which can be complicated depending upon the level of experience a researcher may have with a particular type of methodology.
Abstract: Qualitative research design can be complicated depending upon the level of experience a researcher may have with a particular type of methodology. As researchers, many aspire to grow and expand their knowledge and experiences with qualitative design in order to better utilize diversified research paradigms for future investigations. One of the more popular areas of interest in qualitative research design is that of the interview protocol. Interviews provide in-depth information pertaining to participants’ experiences and viewpoints of a particular topic. Often times, interviews are coupled with other forms of data collection in order to provide the researcher with a well-rounded collection of information for analyses. This paper explores the effective ways to conduct in-depth, qualitative interviews for novice investigators by employing a step-by-step process for implementation. Key Words: Informal Conversational Interview, General Interview Guide, OpenEnded Interviews
2,008 citations
Duke University1, University of Texas at Austin2, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies3, Xi'an Jiaotong University4, American Museum of Natural History5, Beijing Genomics Institute6, New Mexico State University7, University of Sydney8, University of California9, Uppsala University10, University of Copenhagen11, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology12, University of Georgia13, Griffith University14, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies15, Oak Ridge National Laboratory16, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research17, Aarhus University18, Washington University in St. Louis19, University of California, Santa Cruz20, Cardiff University21, Kunming Institute of Zoology22, China Agricultural University23, Louisiana State University24, Tulane University25, Copenhagen Zoo26, Federal University of Pará27, Oregon Health & Science University28, Technical University of Denmark29, Canterbury Museum30, Curtin University31, Novosibirsk State University32, Smithsonian Institution33, National University of Singapore34, National Museum of Natural History35, Nova Southeastern University36, Occidental College37, University of Edinburgh38, Harvard University39, University of California, San Francisco40, University of Florida41, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign42
TL;DR: A genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships and identifies the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups the authors named Passerea and Columbea.
Abstract: To better determine the history of modern birds, we performed a genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of 48 species representing all orders of Neoaves using phylogenomic methods created to handle genome-scale data. We recovered a highly resolved tree that confirms previously controversial sister or close relationships. We identified the first divergence in Neoaves, two groups we named Passerea and Columbea, representing independent lineages of diverse and convergently evolved land and water bird species. Among Passerea, we infer the common ancestor of core landbirds to have been an apex predator and confirm independent gains of vocal learning. Among Columbea, we identify pigeons and flamingoes as belonging to sister clades. Even with whole genomes, some of the earliest branches in Neoaves proved challenging to resolve, which was best explained by massive protein-coding sequence convergence and high levels of incomplete lineage sorting that occurred during a rapid radiation after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event about 66 million years ago.
1,624 citations
TL;DR: The demographic composition of heroin users entering treatment has shifted over the last 50 years such that heroin use has changed from an inner-city, minority-centered problem to one that has a more widespread geographical distribution, involving primarily white men and women in their late 20s living outside of large urban areas.
Abstract: Importance Over the past several years, there have been a number of mainstream media reports that the abuse of heroin has migrated from low-income urban areas with large minority populations to more affluent suburban and rural areas with primarily white populations. Objective To examine the veracity of these anecdotal reports and define the relationship between the abuse of prescription opioids and the abuse of heroin. Design, Setting, and Participants Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyzed (1) data from an ongoing study that uses structured, self-administered surveys to gather retrospective data on past drug use patterns among patients entering substance abuse treatment programs across the country who received a primary ( DSM-IV ) diagnosis of heroin use/dependence (n = 2797) and (2) data from unstructured qualitative interviews with a subset of patients (n = 54) who completed the structured interview. Main Outcomes and Measures In addition to data on population demographics and current residential location, we used cross-tabulations to assess prevalence rates as a function of the decade of the initiation of abuse for (1) first opioid used (prescription opioid or heroin), (2) sex, (3) race/ethnicity, and (4) age at first use. Respondents indicated in an open-ended format why they chose heroin as their primary drug and the interrelationship between their use of heroin and their use of prescription opioids. Results Approximately 85% of treatment-seeking patients approached to complete the Survey of Key Informants’ Patients Program did so. Respondents who began using heroin in the 1960s were predominantly young men (82.8%; mean age, 16.5 years) whose first opioid of abuse was heroin (80%). However, more recent users were older (mean age, 22.9 years) men and women living in less urban areas (75.2%) who were introduced to opioids through prescription drugs (75.0%). Whites and nonwhites were equally represented in those initiating use prior to the 1980s, but nearly 90% of respondents who began use in the last decade were white. Although the “high” produced by heroin was described as a significant factor in its selection, it was often used because it was more readily accessible and much less expensive than prescription opioids. Conclusion and Relevance Our data show that the demographic composition of heroin users entering treatment has shifted over the last 50 years such that heroin use has changed from an inner-city, minority-centered problem to one that has a more widespread geographical distribution, involving primarily white men and women in their late 20s living outside of large urban areas.
1,040 citations
TL;DR: Instrumentation rigor and bias management are major challenges for qualitative researchers employing interviewing as a data generation method in their studies as discussed by the authors, and a usual procedure for testing the quality of an interview protocol and for identifying potential researcher biases is the pilot study in which investigators try out their proposed methods to see if the planned procedures perform as envisioned by the researcher.
Abstract: Instrumentation rigor and bias management are major challenges for qualitative researchers employing interviewing as a data generation method in their studies. A usual procedure for testing the quality of an interview protocol and for identifying potential researcher biases is the pilot study in which investigators try out their proposed methods to see if the planned procedures perform as envisioned by the researcher. Sometimes piloting is not practical or possible so an “interviewing the investigator” technique can serve as a useful first step to create interview protocols that help to generate the information proposed and to assess potential researcher biases especially if the investigator has a strong affinity for the participants being studied or is a member of the population itself. Key Words: Interviewing, Instrumentation, Researcher Bias, and Qualitative Research
640 citations
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai1, University of California, San Diego2, University of Colorado Denver3, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences4, Cleveland Clinic5, Stanford University6, Yale University7, Scripps Research Institute8, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill9, Johns Hopkins University10, University of Cincinnati11, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center12, George Washington University13, University of Missouri–Kansas City14, Pennsylvania State University15, University of California, Los Angeles16, University of Washington17, Nova Southeastern University18
TL;DR: This parameter was developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, representing the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI), the American College of Allerg, Acetiology & Infectious Diseases (ACAAI); and the Joint Council of Allergic, Aceto-Allergy, Immunology and Immunology(JCAAI) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: This parameter was developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, representing the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI); the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI); and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (JCAAI). The AAAAI and the ACAAI have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing "Food Allergy: A practice parameter update—2014." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing one, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the Joint Task Force, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, ACAAI, and JCAAI. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion.
612 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a systematic review of the literature on computer assisted implant placement in surgical implant dentistry, and present a meta-regression analysis for summarizing the accuracy studies.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the literature on accuracy and clinical performance of computer technology applications in surgical implant dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic and manual literature searches were conducted to collect information about (1) the accuracy and (2) clinical performance of computer-assisted implant systems. Meta-regression analysis was performed for summarizing the accuracy studies. Failure/complication rates were analyzed using random-effects Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates of 12-month proportions. RESULTS: Twenty-nine different image guidance systems were included. From 2,827 articles, 13 clinical and 19 accuracy studies were included in this systematic review. The meta-analysis of the accuracy (19 clinical and preclinical studies) revealed a total mean error of 0.74 mm (maximum of 4.5 mm) at the entry point in the bone and 0.85 mm at the apex (maximum of 7.1 mm). For the 5 included clinical studies (total of 506 implants) using computer-assisted implant dentistry, the mean failure rate was 3.36% (0% to 8.45%) after an observation period of at least 12 months. In 4.6% of the treated cases, intraoperative complications were reported; these included limited interocclusal distances to perform guided implant placement, limited primary implant stability, or need for additional grafting procedures. CONCLUSION: Differing levels and quantity of evidence were available for computer-assisted implant placement, revealing high implant survival rates after only 12 months of observation in different indications and a reasonable level of accuracy. However, future long-term clinical data are necessary to identify clinical indications and to justify additional radiation doses, effort, and costs associated with computer-assisted implant surgery.
526 citations
University of Cincinnati1, Cleveland Clinic2, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center3, Pennsylvania State University4, Yale University5, Harvard University6, Texas A&M University7, University of California, San Diego8, Stanford University9, Nova Southeastern University10, George Washington University11, Rutgers University12, University of Missouri–Kansas City13, University of California, Los Angeles14, University of Washington15
TL;DR: These parameters were developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters (JTFPP), representing the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, representing the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of All allergy, asthma and Immunology.
Abstract: These parameters were developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters (JTFPP), representing the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI); the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI); and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. The AAAAI and ACAAI have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing "The diagnosis and management of acute and chronic urticaria: 2014 update." This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all patients. Because this document incorporated the efforts of many participants, no single individual, including those who served on the JTFPP, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. The JTFPP understands that the cost of diagnostic tests and therapeutic agents is an important concern that might appropriately influence the work-up and treatment chosen for a given patient. The JTFPP recognizes that the emphasis of our primary recommendations regarding a medication might vary, for example, depending on third-party payer issues and product patent expiration dates. However, because a given test or agent's cost is so widely variable and there is a paucity of pharmacoeconomic data, the JTFPP generally does not consider cost when formulating practice parameter recommendations. In extraordinary circumstances, when the cost/benefit ratio of an intervention is prohibitive, as supported by pharmacoeconomic data, commentary might be provided. These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion. The JTFPP is committed to ensuring that the practice parameters are based on the best scientific evidence that is free of commercial bias. To this end, the parameter development process includes multiple layers of rigorous review. These layers include the workgroup convened to draft the parameter, the task force reviewers, and peer review by members of each sponsoring society. Although the task force has the final responsibility for the content of the documents submitted for publication, each reviewer comment will be discussed, and reviewers will receive written responses to comments, when appropriate. To preserve the greatest transparency regarding potential conflicts of interest, all members of the JTFPP and the practice parameter workgroups will complete a standard potential conflict of interest disclosure form, which will be available for external review by the sponsoring organization and any other interested individual. In addition, before confirming the selection of a Work Group chairperson, the Joint Task Force will discuss and resolve all relevant potential conflicts of interest associated with this selection. Finally, all members of parameter workgroups will be provided a written statement regarding the importance of ensuring that the parameter development process is free of commercial bias. Practice parameters are available online at www.jcaai.org and www.allergyparameters.org.
517 citations
University of Genoa1, Nova Southeastern University2, Nippon Medical School3, The Catholic University of America4, University of Tennessee Health Science Center5, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli6, University of Montpellier7, National Institutes of Health8, Erasmus University Rotterdam9, University of Colorado Denver10, Federal University of Paraná11, University of Aberdeen12, University of Missouri–Kansas City13, University of Zurich14, University of Turku15, National University of Singapore16, Mahidol University17, Humboldt University of Berlin18
TL;DR: “Raising public awareness about sublingual immunotherapy”, as a need for patients, and strategies to increase awareness of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) among patients, the medical community, all healthcare stakeholders, and public opinion are reported in detail.
515 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of the test-retest reliability of the Timeline Followback for cocaine, cannabis, and cigarette use for participants recruited from outpatient alcohol and drug treatment programs and the general community across intervals ranging from 30 to 360 days prior to the interview suggests that shorter time intervals can be used with little loss of accuracy.
Abstract: The Timeline Followback (TLFB), a retrospective calendar-based measure of daily substance use, was initially developed to obtain self-reports of alcohol use. Since its inception it has undergone extensive evaluation across diverse populations and is considered the most psychometrically sound self-report measure of drinking. Although the TLFB has been extended to other behaviors, its psychometric evaluation with other addictive behaviors has not been as extensive as for alcohol use. The present study evaluated the test-retest reliability of the TLFB for cocaine, cannabis, and cigarette use for participants recruited from outpatient alcohol and drug treatment programs and the general community across intervals ranging from 30 to 360 days prior to the interview. The dependent measure for cigarette smokers and cannabis users was daily use of cigarettes and joints, respectively, and for cocaine users it was a "Yes" or "No" regarding cocaine use for each day. The TLFB was administered in different formats for different drug types. Different interviewers conducted the two interviews. The TLFB collected highly reliable information about participants' daily use of cocaine, cannabis, and cigarettes from 30, 90, to 360 days prior to the interview. Findings from this study not only suggest that shorter time intervals (e.g., 90 days) can be used with little loss of accuracy, but also add to the growing literature that the TLFB can be used with confidence to collect psychometrically sound information about substance use (i.e., cocaine, cannabis, cigarettes) other than alcohol in treatment- and nontreatment-seeking populations for intervals from ranging up to 12 months prior to the interview.
473 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a semi-structured interview with junior researchers in the field of HIV/AIDS has been described, where they were asked to share their experiences with the authors.
Abstract: There is no doubt that qualitative interviewing is a flexible and powerful tool to capture the voices and the ways people make meaning of their experiences. I am always fascinated when I read articles and books that make use of the interviews to convey findings, messages, and the views of participants regarding a research topics and everyday situations. Since I have encountered increasing number of studies in the health field in which interviews are used, I decided to learn about the art and skills needed to use this powerful tool to explore and investigate the topics that are relevant to my line of research. Currently, I am involved in training and supporting the development of HIV junior researchers. Mentoring, the development of research competencies and working collaboratively are the three major components of the project. Pursuing a research career within the context of this project is a very intense experience. The junior researchers have many "stories to tell" and "learning to share" about their journey as researchers in a sensitive field. As a researcher myself, I would like to capture their voices and give meaning (or interpret) to their experience. I decided to use "interviews" as a tool and window to their stories. Here is my own ongoing journey of how I am learning to design and conduct semi-structured interviews. Stage 1--Selecting the kind of interview: Why semi-structure interviews? When I decided to use interviews, I proceeded to find a good reference to place the selected method within the larger qualitative framework. I looked for existing literature that expressed the pros and cons of the interview. Some of the writings that I found were posted in the internet as resources for graduate students of different field and disciplines. I made a list of the pros and cons and of the recommendations that I though applied to me. I printed a lot of the list of advices and do's and don'ts. I will probably be referring to them in the future. However, I needed to read the more conceptual and theoretical discussions. I wanted to know about the historical evolution. I came across a chapter written by Andrea Fontana and James Frey in the second edition of the book Collecting and Interpreting Qualitative Materials edited by Norman Denzin and Yvonna Lincoln (2005). I highly recommend reading this chapter. It introduced me to many possibilities under the category of qualitative interviewing. This contributed to inform my decision. I selected the semi-structured interview because I was able to narrow down some areas or topics that I want to ask to the junior researchers. A completely un-structured interview has the risk of not eliciting form the junior researchers the topics or themes more closely related to the research questions under consideration. There are some specific topics that I would like to cover, but at the same time I want to hear their stories. Consequently, I will use the format of an opening statement and a few general questions to elicit conversation. I will have some additional questions designed to probe for information if it does not come up. Stage 2--Establishing the ethical guidelines: I soon learned that entering the lives of other, especially the lives of colleagues, had to take into consideration ethical and moral issues. The chapter entitled, "Ethical Issues of Interviewing" in Kvale's Doing Interviews (2007), provided an excellent guideline and a useful list of aspects to consider throughout the different stages of the interview. I used these points to discuss my project with co-investigators and consultants that will conduct the project with me. Approaching the more advance stages of research design from a moral and ethical stance will facilitate my interaction with the interviewees. Issues of purpose, consequences, consent, identity, relationships, confidentiality and protection became central early in the process. I feel confident that I will approach my colleagues in a fair and ethical way. …
436 citations
TL;DR: These guidelines concur about prompt initial treatment with intramuscular injection of epinephrine (adrenaline) in the mid-outer thigh, positioning the patient supine, calling for help, and when indicated, providing supplemental oxygen, intravenous fluid resuscitation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
TL;DR: In highly developed countries, prevalence of blindness and MSVI has been reduced by 50% and 38%, respectively, and the number of blind people and people with MSVI decreased by 17.4% and 12.6, respectively, even with the increasing number of older people in the population.
Abstract: Background To assess prevalence and causes of blindness and vision impairment in high-income regions and in Central/Eastern Europe in 1990 and 2010. Methods Based on a systematic review of medical literature, prevalence of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity Results Age-standardised prevalence of blindness and MSVI decreased from 0.2% to 0.1% (3.314 million to 2.736 million people) and from 1.6% to 1.0% (25.362 million to 22.176 million), respectively. Women were generally more affected than men. Cataract was the most frequent cause of blindness in all subregions in 1990, but macular degeneration and uncorrected refractive error became the most frequent causes of blindness in 2010 in all high-income countries, except for Eastern/Central Europe, where cataract remained the leading cause. Glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy were fourth and fifth most common causes for blindness for all regions at both times. Uncorrected refractive error, followed by cataract, macular degeneration, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, was the most common cause for MSVI in 1990 and 2010. Conclusions In highly developed countries, prevalence of blindness and MSVI has been reduced by 50% and 38%, respectively, and the number of blind people and people with MSVI decreased by 17.4% and 12.6%, respectively, even with the increasing number of older people in the population. In high-income countries, macular degeneration has become the most important cause of blindness, but uncorrected refractive errors continue to be the leading cause of MSVI.
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson is derived from a combined fit to the reconstructed invariant mass spectra of the decay channels H -> gamma gamma and H -> ZZ* -> 4l.
Abstract: An improved measurement of the mass of the Higgs boson is derived from a combined fit to the reconstructed invariant mass spectra of the decay channels H -> gamma gamma and H -> ZZ* -> 4l. The analysis uses the pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at center-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 25 fb(-1). The measured value of the Higgs boson mass is m(H) = 125.36 +/- 0.37(stat) +/- 0.18 (syst) GeV. This result is based on improved energy-scale calibrations for photons, electrons, and muons as well as other analysis improvements, and supersedes the previous result from ATLAS. Upper limits on the total width of the Higgs boson are derived from fits to the invariant mass spectra of the H -> gamma gamma and H -> ZZ* -> 4l decay channels.
Washington University in St. Louis1, Texas A&M University2, University of Missouri3, University of California, Davis4, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute5, National Institutes of Health6, Pompeu Fabra University7, Bilkent University8, Indiana University9, Saint Petersburg State University10, Nova Southeastern University11
TL;DR: Insight is provided into how the process of domestication altered the ancestral wildcat genome and build a resource for future disease mapping and phylogenomic studies across all members of the Felidae.
Abstract: Little is known about the genetic changes that distinguish domestic cat populations from their wild progenitors. Here we describe a high-quality domestic cat reference genome assembly and comparative inferences made with other cat breeds, wildcats, and other mammals. Based upon these comparisons, we identified positively selected genes enriched for genes involved in lipid metabolism that underpin adaptations to a hypercarnivorous diet. We also found positive selection signals within genes underlying sensory processes, especially those affecting vision and hearing in the carnivore lineage. We observed an evolutionary tradeoff between functional olfactory and vomeronasal receptor gene repertoires in the cat and dog genomes, with an expansion of the feline chemosensory system for detecting pheromones at the expense of odorant detection. Genomic regions harboring signatures of natural selection that distinguish domestic cats from their wild congeners are enriched in neural crest-related genes associated with behavior and reward in mouse models, as predicted by the domestication syndrome hypothesis. Our description of a previously unidentified allele for the gloving pigmentation pattern found in the Birman breed supports the hypothesis that cat breeds experienced strong selection on specific mutations drawn from random bred populations. Collectively, these findings provide insight into how the process of domestication altered the ancestral wildcat genome and build a resource for future disease mapping and phylogenomic studies across all members of the Felidae.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in root s=8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector.
Abstract: Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in root s=8 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
TL;DR: A search is presented for dark matter pair production in association with a W or Z boson in pp collisions representing 20.3 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity at √s=8TeV using data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.
Abstract: A search is presented for dark matter pair production in association with a W or Z boson in pp collisions representing 20.3 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity at root s = 8 TeV using data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with a hadronic jet with the jet mass consistent with a W or Z boson, and with large missing transverse momentum are analyzed. The data are consistent with the standard model expectations. Limits are set on the mass scale in effective field theories that describe the interaction of dark matter and standard model particles, and on the cross section of Higgs production and decay to invisible particles. In addition, cross section limits on the anomalous production of W or Z bosons with large missing transverse momentum are set in two fiducial regions.
TL;DR: In this article, a study applied transactional stress and coping theory to explore the contributions of counselor gender, years of experience, perceived working conditions, personal resources of mindfulness, use of coping strategy, and compassion satisfaction to predict compassion fatigue and burnout in a national sample of 213 mental health counselors.
Abstract: This study applied transactional stress and coping theory to explore the contributions of counselor gender, years of experience, perceived working conditions, personal resources of mindfulness, use of coping strategy, and compassion satisfaction to predict compassion fatigue and burnout in a national sample of 213 mental health counselors. Multiple regression analyses revealed that in this sample while perceived working conditions, mindfulness, use of coping strategy, and compassion satisfaction accounted for only 31.1% of the variance in compassion fatigue, these factors explained 66.9% of the variance in burnout. Counselors who reported less maladaptive coping, higher mindfulness attitudes and compassion satisfaction, and more positive perceptions of their work environment reported less burnout. The utility of these findings in understanding the development of counselor burnout and compassion fatigue are discussed, as are directions for future research.
Environmental Law Institute1, Scripps Institution of Oceanography2, Duke University3, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research4, National Oceanography Centre5, National Autonomous University of Mexico6, Norwegian Institute for Water Research7, University of Tasmania8, University of California, San Diego9, Nova Southeastern University10, University of Stavanger11
TL;DR: A move from a frontier mentality of exploitation and single-sector management to a precautionary system that balances use of living marine resources, energy, and minerals from the deep ocean with maintenance of a productive and healthy marine environment is recommended, while improving knowledge and collaboration.
Abstract: Covering more than half the planet, the deep ocean sequesters atmospheric CO2 and recycles major nutrients; is predicted to hold millions of yet-to-be-described species; and stores mind-boggling quantities of untapped energy resources, precious metals, and minerals ( 1 ). It is an immense, remote biome, critical to the health of the planet and human well-being. The deep ocean (defined here as below a typical continental shelf break, >200 m) faces mounting challenges as technological advances—including robotics, imaging, and structural engineering—greatly improve access. We recommend a move from a frontier mentality of exploitation and single-sector management to a precautionary system that balances use of living marine resources, energy, and minerals from the deep ocean with maintenance of a productive and healthy marine environment, while improving knowledge and collaboration.
Duke University1, Harvard University2, Banner Health3, Nova Southeastern University4, University of California, San Diego5, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals6, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai7, University of Arizona8, Medical University of South Carolina9, Johns Hopkins University10, Veterans Health Administration11, Wake Forest University12
TL;DR: It is suggested that in CN, MCI and AD subjects, florbetapir PET Aβ+ subjects show greater cognitive and global deterioration over a 3-year follow-up than Aβ− subjects do.
Abstract: Florbetapir F 18 amyloid PET and 36-month cognitive decline:a prospective multicenter study
TL;DR: The AIRWAYS-ICP (Integrated Care Pathways for Airway Diseases) as mentioned in this paper is a collaboration to develop multi-sectoral care pathways for chronic respiratory diseases in European countries and regions.
Abstract: The objective of Integrated Care Pathways for Airway Diseases (AIRWAYS-ICPs) is to launch a collaboration to develop multi-sectoral care pathways for chronic respiratory diseases in European countries and regions. AIRWAYS-ICPs has strategic relevance to the European Union Health Strategy and will add value to existing public health knowledge by: 1) proposing a common framework of care pathways for chronic respiratory diseases, which will facilitate comparability and trans-national initiatives; 2) informing cost-effective policy development, strengthening in particular those on smoking and environmental exposure; 3) aiding risk stratification in chronic disease patients, using a common strategy; 4) having a significant impact on the health of citizens in the short term (reduction of morbidity, improvement of education in children and of work in adults) and in the long-term (healthy ageing); 5) proposing a common simulation tool to assist physicians; and 6) ultimately reducing the healthcare burden (emergency visits, avoidable hospitalisations, disability and costs) while improving quality of life. In the longer term, the incidence of disease may be reduced by innovative prevention strategies. AIRWAYS-ICPs was initiated by Area 5 of the Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. All stakeholders are involved (health and social care, patients, and policy makers).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a search for new resonances decaying to final states with a vector boson produced in association with a high transverse momentum photon, Vγ, with V=W(→lν)V=W (→ lν) or Z(→ l+l−)Z(→lp+lp) where l=el=e or μ.
TL;DR: In this paper, a search for direct top-squark pair production in final states with two leptons (electrons or muons) of opposite charge using 203 fb−1 of pp collision data at √s = 8 TeV, collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012, was presented.
Abstract: A search is presented for direct top-squark pair production in final states with two leptons (electrons or muons) of opposite charge using 203 fb−1 of pp collision data at √s = 8 TeV, collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012 No excess over the Standard Model expectation is found The results are interpreted under the separate assumptions (i) that the top squark decays to a b-quark in addition to an on-shell chargino whose decay occurs via a real or virtual W boson, or (ii) that the top squark decays to a t-quark and the lightest neutralino A top squark with a mass between 150 GeV and 445 GeV decaying to a b-quark and an on-shell chargino is excluded at 95% confidence level for a top squark mass equal to the chargino mass plus 10 GeV, in the case of a 1 GeV lightest neutralino Top squarks with masses between 215 (90) GeV and 530 (170) GeV decaying to an on-shell (off-shell) t-quark and a neutralino are excluded at 95% confidence level for a 1 GeV neutralino
TL;DR: Kozinets as discussed by the authors surveys the latest research on online cultures and communities, focusing on the methods used to study them, with examples focusing on blogosphere (blogging), microblogging, videocasting, podcasting, social networking sites, virtual worlds, and more.
Abstract: With many people now using online communities such as newsgroups, blogs, forums, social networking sites, podcasting, videocasting, photosharing communities, and virtual worlds, the internet is now an important site for research. Kozinets' (2010) new text explores netnography, or the conduct of ethnography over the internet - a method specifically designed to study cultures and communities online. Guidelines for the accurate and ethical conduct of ethnographic research online are set out, with detailed, step-by-step guidance to thoroughly introduce, explain, and illustrate the method to students and researchers. Kozinets surveys the latest research on online cultures and communities, focusing on the methods used to study them, with examples focusing on the blogosphere (blogging), microblogging, videocasting, podcasting, social networking sites, virtual worlds, and more. The book is essential reading for researchers and students in social sciences. Key Words: Netnography, Internet Research, Ethnography, Online Community, and Research Methods Introduction Netnography is an excellent resource for the seasoned qualitative researcher and a useful entry point for the newcomer to qualitative research. Kozinets (2010) has written in a coherent and thought-through style, making this text accessible for a very wide market. He mostly steers clear of complicated and contrived jargon, and he gives clear explanations and provides useful examples where needed. The included glossary also serves as a handy reference for more unfamiliar terms. The author points to further reading and information sources at the close of each chapter for those seeking further knowledge on the topics covered in the book. Kozinets (2010) writes, "Online communities form or manifest cultures, the learned beliefs, values and customs that serve to order, guide and direct the behavior of a particular society or group" (p. 12). As more and more people use the Internet, a growing number of them are utilizing it as a highly sophisticated communications device that enables and empowers the formation of communities. Online ethnography refers to a number of related online research methods that adapt to the study of the communities and cultures created through computer-mediated social interaction. Prominent among these ethnographic approaches is "netnography" (Kozinets). As modifications of the term ethnography, online ethnography and virtual ethnography (as well as many other methodological neologisms) designate online fieldwork that follows from the conception of ethnography as an adaptable method. These methods tend to leave most of the specifics of the adaptation to the individual researcher. The author of Netnography suggests the use of specific procedures and standards, and he argues for consideration of particular consensually-agreed upon techniques, justifying the use of a new name rather than a modification of the term ethnography. By whatever name, all ethnographies of online cultures and communities extend the traditional notions of field and ethnographic study, as well as ethnographic cultural analysis and representation, from the observation of co-located, face-to-face interactions to technologically mediated interactions in online networks and communities, and the culture (or cyberculture) shared between and among them (Kozinets, 2010). In doing so, these techniques are founded in the sense that traditional notions of a field site as a localized space are outdated. Kozinets suggests that ethnographic fieldwork can be meaningfully applied to computer-mediated interactions, an assertion that some have contested, but which is increasingly becoming accepted. A number of researchers have conducted ethnographies of online cultures and communities that are purely observational, in which the researcher is a specialized type of lurker (Kozinets, 2010). However, other researchers have emphasized a more participative approach, in which the researcher fully participates as a member of the online community. …
TL;DR: Chronic inflammation likely represents one potential mechanism underlying risk of health problems in trauma survivors, and is quantitatively integrates the literature on the relationship of inflammatory biomarkers to trauma exposure and related symptomatology.
Abstract: Exposure to psychological trauma (for example, childhood/early life adversity, exposure to violence or assault, combat exposure, accidents or natural disasters) is known to increase one's risk of developing certain chronic medical conditions. Clinical and population studies provide evidence of systemic inflammatory activity in trauma survivors with various psychiatric and nonpsychiatric conditions. This transdiagnostic meta-analysis quantitatively integrates the literature on the relationship of inflammatory biomarkers to trauma exposure and related symptomatology. We conducted random effects meta-analyses relating trauma exposure to log-transformed inflammatory biomarker concentrations, using meta-regression models to test the effects of study quality and psychiatric symptomatology on the inflammatory outcomes. Across k=36 independent samples and n=14,991 participants, trauma exposure was positively associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (mean rs =0.2455, 0.3067, 0.2890, and 0.2998, respectively). No significant relationships were noted with fibrinogen, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, or IL-10. In meta-regression models, the presence of psychiatric symptoms was a significant predictor of increased effect sizes for IL-1β and IL-6 (β=1.0175 and 0.3568, respectively), whereas study quality assessment scores were associated with increased effect sizes for IL-6 (β=0.3812). Positive correlations between inflammation and trauma exposure across a range of sample types and diagnoses were found. Although reviewed studies spanned an array of populations, research on any one specific psychiatric diagnosis was generally limited to one or two studies. The results suggest that chronic inflammation likely represents one potential mechanism underlying risk of health problems in trauma survivors.
TL;DR: Angrosino et al. as mentioned in this paper described the process of conducting ethnographic research and discussed the advantages of using ethnography over other types of methodologies or approaches, including the ability to integrate professional and personal life.
Abstract: I recently had the pleasure of learning how to conduct ethnographic research for the first time. In this "How To" account I will describe the process by organizing my description around the following seven questions: 1. What is ethnography and what are its key characteristics? 2. Why do we conduct ethnography? 3. How do we collect data in ethnography? 4. What should we do before we get started? 5. What are the stages in conducting ethnography? 6. What should we do with all the data? 7. What pitfalls should we watch out for? What Is Ethnography and What Are Its Key Characteristics? How we define ethnography? Ethnography is the art and science used to describe a group or culture (Fetterman, 1998). According to Angrosino (2007), ethnographers search for predictable patterns in the lived human experiences by carefully observing and participating in the lives of those under study. Ethnography may also involve a full immersion of the researcher in the day-to-day lives or culture of those under study. Ethnography as a method has certain distinctive characteristics (Angrosino, 2007). First, it is conducted on-site or in a naturalistic setting in which real people live. Second, it is personalized since you as the researcher are both observer and participant in the lives of those people. Ethnography also collects data in multiple ways for triangulation over an extended period of time. The process is inductive, holistic and requires a long-term commitment from you. Finally, ethnography is dialogic since conclusions and interpretations formed through it can be given comments or feedback from those who are under study. Why Do We Conduct Ethnography? There are a number of methodologies that can be chosen for a research project. It is important for us to know the advantages of choosing ethnography over other types of methodologies or approaches. Below is a selective list of advantages of conducting ethnography, most culled from a list provided by Wolcott (1999): * Ethnography can be conducted entirely by one individual. * It is longitudinal in nature, allowing you as the researcher to observe and record changes over time. * It can be carried out almost at any place. * It focuses on working with others rather than treating them as objects. * It provides you with a detailed and rich database for further investigation and writing. * You can make the research not only interesting but adventurous. * It requires no expensive or elaborate tools or equipment. * It may present you with an opportunity to learn and use another language. * It draws upon your personal skills and strengths to advantage. * You often have exclusive domain or sole responsibility in the chosen setting or site. * Your role is recognized. * It offers you an opportunity to integrate professional and personal life. * It allows you to get an insider's view of reality. * It can provide deep insightful data. * It can be used to study marginalized groups of people closed to other forms of research. * It allows you to collect data in a realistic or naturalistic setting in which people act naturally, focusing on both verbal and nonverbal behaviors. How Do We Collect Data In Ethnography? There are three modes of data collection in ethnography: observation, interviewing and archival research (Angrosino, 2007): * Observation: Participant observation is unique in that it combines the researcher's participation in the lives of the people under study while also maintaining a professional distance (Fetterman, 1998). According to Angrosino (2007), observation is the act of perceiving the activities and interrelationships of people in the field setting. * Interviewing: Interviewing is the process of directing a conversation to collect information (Angrosino, 2007). …
TL;DR: In a practice with a high incidence of thyroid cancer in patients with indeterminate FNAs, the NPV of the Afirma GEC test may not be as robust as suggested in the existing literature.
TL;DR: The search for the Higgs boson decays to a photon and a Z boson in pp collisions at root s=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: In recent years, high-fidelity simulation in nursing education has become an increasingly popular educational tool, but is simulation a new technique?
Abstract: In recent years, high-fidelity simulation in nursing education has become an increasingly popular educational tool. Is simulation a new technique? Does simulation have positive learning outcomes? Is there evidence-based research to substantiate the use of simulators in education and particularly in nursing education? This discussion will look at several studies and attempt to answer these questions. According to Webster's (2003) to simulate is "to look or act like." In the broadest sense this would include not only mechanical simulators but also role playing, scenario settings, and case studies, to mention a few types of simulation. Using this definition we realize simulation in nursing education has been around a long time--whether it has involved using oranges to practice intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, learning CPR on a static manikin, inserting foley catheters in a manikin in a lab setting, or role playing major mental disorders and communication skills in mental health. These are all simulations in one form or another, and what they have in common is that they are done in an artificial situation so the student or staff member is later able to practice safely in the clinical setting. Ward-Smith (2008) noted that the first documented use of higher level simulators was with pilots during World War II. They continue to be used today to train pilots in simulated situations such as loss of power, engine failures, and poor weather conditions. Safety is the reason behind using simulators in pilot training as well. In 2003 the Institute of Medicine adapted simulation as a teaching methodology to be used in programs in education (Ward-Smith). In nursing, there is limited research on the effectiveness and outcomes when using simulators and simulations. In healthcare the emphasis is on giving accurate and safe care to patients, and simulators and simulations allow for the practice of this important goal in a less threatening environment. In 2003, the National League of Nurses (NLN) endorsed the use of simulations in order to prepare students in critical thinking and self-reflection as well as preparing them for the complex clinical environment. In 2007, with a grant funded by the Laerdal Medical Corporation, the NLN began a three-year research study on the use of simulation in nursing education. The project, called the Simulation Innovation and Resource Center (SIRC), involved educators from the United States and also eight international educators from Australia, Canada, Chile, Japan, Norway, Scotland, and China (Hovancsek, Jeffries, Escudero, Foulds, Huseb, Iwamoto, et al., 2009). The goal of the project was to develop web-based courses that use high technology simulations. Out of this study came a resource center web site that assists educators with scenario design (http://sirc.nln.org/). According to Hovancsek et al. (2009), patient safety has become a priority concern, and the use of simulators can prepare nurses for mock disasters that involve other professionals such as military, police, firefighter, paramedics, and physicians. Interdisciplinary mock drills are held to better prepare communities for disasters. The study found the demand for higher quality healthcare both nationally and internationally has increased and the use of simulation will improve health care (Hovancsek et al.). Lasater (2007) points out that the nursing shortage has resulted in a more diverse group of students being interested in nursing. At a time when there is a critical need for nurses, nursing education faces a critical shortage in nursing faculty. In spite of the inconsistent practice experiences students receive, the demand is present for a higher level of knowledge upon entering the professional work arena. In order to study simulation and clinical judgment, Lasater conducted an exploratory study that looked at four dimensions of clinical judgment development and the interaction between them. …
University of Edinburgh1, Harvard University2, Brigham and Women's Hospital3, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust4, St Mary's Hospital5, University of Southampton6, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research7, Nova Southeastern University8, University College Cork9, Boston Children's Hospital10, University of Genoa11, University of Amsterdam12, Karolinska Institutet13
TL;DR: This document is intended to meet the needs of early‐childhood and school settings as well as providers of non‐prepackaged food and targets the audience of individuals with FA, their families, patient organizations, the general public, policymakers, and allergists.
Abstract: The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines, managing patients with food allergy (FA) in the community, intend to provide guidance to reduce the risk of accidental allergic reactions to foods in the community. This document is intended to meet the needs of early-childhood and school settings as well as providers of non-prepackaged food (e.g., restaurants, bakeries, takeaway, deli counters, and fast-food outlets) and targets the audience of individuals with FA, their families, patient organizations, the general public, policymakers, and allergists. Food allergy is the most common trigger of anaphylaxis in the community. Providing children and caregivers with comprehensive information on food allergen avoidance and prompt recognition and management of allergic reactions are of the utmost importance. Provision of adrenaline auto-injector devices and education on how and when to use these are essential components of a comprehensive management plan. Managing patients at risk of anaphylaxis raises many challenges, which are specific to the community. This includes the need to interact with third parties providing food (e.g., school teachers and restaurant staff) to avoid accidental exposure and to help individuals with FA to make safe and appropriate food choices. Education of individuals at risk and their families, their peers, school nurses and teachers as well as restaurant and other food retail staff can reduce the risk of severe/fatal reactions. Increased awareness among policymakers may improve decision-making on legislation at local and national level.
TL;DR: In a world of methodological pluralism and mixed-methods, researchers can take a pathway of pragmatic curiosity by exploring their research interests and the possible design and methodology choices to create studies that not only allow them to pursue their investigative curiosities, but also result in coherent and effective systems of procedural choices.
Abstract: In a world of methodological pluralism and mixed-methods, qualitative researchers can take a pathway of pragmatic curiosity by exploring their research interests and the possible design and methodology choices to create studies that not only allow them to pursue their investigative curiosities, but also result in coherent and effective systems of procedural choices. Ten steps are offered for researchers to conceive and conduct qualitative research projects that are both responsive to research goals