University of Massachusetts Boston

About: University of Massachusetts Boston is a education organization based out in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 6541 authors who have published 12918 publications receiving 411731 citations. The organization is also known as: UMass Boston.

Systematic study of Si-based GeSn photodiodes with 2.6 µm detector cutoff for short-wave infrared detection.

Abstract: Normal-incidence Ge1-xSnx photodiode detectors with Sn compositions of 7 and 10% have been demonstrated. Such detectors were based on Ge/Ge1-xSnx/Ge double heterostructures grown directly on a Si substrate via a chemical vapor deposition system. A temperature-dependence study of these detectors was conducted using both electrical and optical characterizations from 300 to 77 K. Spectral response up to 2.6 µm was achieved for a 10% Sn device at room temperature. The peak responsivity and specific detectivity (D*) were measured to be 0.3 A/W and 4 × 109 cmHz1/2W−1 at 1.55 µm, respectively. The spectral D* of a 7% Sn device at 77 K was only one order-of-magnitude lower than that of an extended-InGaAs photodiode operating in the same wavelength range, indicating the promising future of GeSn-based photodetectors.

Non-ASD outcomes at 36 months in siblings at familial risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD): A baby siblings research consortium (BSRC) study.

Abstract: We characterized developmental outcomes of a large sample of siblings at familial high-risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who themselves did not have ASD (n = 859), and low-risk controls with no family history of ASD (n = 473). We report outcomes at age 3 years using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and adaptive functioning on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Around 11% of high-risk siblings had mild-to-moderate levels of developmental delay, a rate higher than the low-risk controls. The groups did not differ in the proportion of toddlers with mild-to-moderate language delay. Thirty percent of high-risk siblings had elevated scores on the ADOS, double the rate seen in the low-risk controls. High-risk siblings also had higher parent reported levels of ASD symptoms on the ADI-R and lower adaptive functioning on the Vineland. Males were more likely to show higher levels of ASD symptoms and lower levels of developmental ability and adaptive behavior than females across most measures but not mild-to-moderate language delay. Lower maternal education was associated with lower developmental and adaptive behavior outcomes. These findings are evidence for early emerging characteristics related to the "broader autism phenotype" (BAP) previously described in older family members of individuals with ASD. There is a need for ongoing clinical monitoring of high-risk siblings who do not have an ASD by age 3 years, as well as continued follow-up into school age to determine their developmental and behavioral outcomes. Autism Res 2017, 10: 169-178. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Stereotypes And Stereotyping: A Moral Analysis

Abstract: Stereotypes are false or misleading generalizations about groups held in a manner that renders them largely, though not entirely, immune to counterevidence. In doing so, stereotypes powerfully shape the stereotyper's perception of stereotyped groups, seeing the stereotypic characteristics when they are not present, failing to see the contrary of those characteristics when they are, and generally homogenizing the group. A stereotyper associates a certain characteristic with the stereotyped group—for example Blacks with being athletic—but may do so with a form of cognitive investment in that association that does not rise to the level of a belief in the generalization that Blacks are athletic.

The reproductive biology of cupania guatemalensis radlk. (sapindaceae).

Abstract: Intraspecific floral polymorphism is of widespread occurrence in flowering plants. Perfect, staminate, and pistillate flowers may be found on the same or different plants in diverse combinations as exemplified by monoecy, dioecy, androdioecy, gynodioecy, polygamy and the like; in addition, within perfect-flowered species, polymorphism may exist in the form of distyly and tristyly. It is generally presumed that floral polymorphisms increase the probability of outcrossing. The level of outcrossing, however, has not been measured in any zoophilous species with polymorphic flowers except for some heterostylous species (Ornduff, 1971, 1975). Floral polymorphism, by introducing spatial variation in floral rewards, also influences the foraging behavior of pollinators. The foraging behavior of pollinators, in turn, is likely to influence not only gene flow but also the evolution of floral polymorphism itself. Yet it is somewhat surprising that the effect of floral polymorphism on the foraging behavior of pollinators has not so far been examined. This paper describes the reproductive biology of a monoecious species, Cupania guatemalensis Radlk. (Sapindaceae), a small tree found in lowland tropical forests of Central America. It examines the pattern of spatial and temporal variation in the relative frequencies of staminate and pistillate flowers at the individual and population levels; differences in floral reward of staminate and pistillate flowers; differences in the foraging behavior and visitation rates of pollinators on staminate and pistillate flowers; and the effect of flowering behavior and floral polymorphism on the foraging behavior of pollinators and the degree of outcrossing. In addition, the floral phenology of some other members of the Sapindaceae is interpreted in the light of findings reported here. The investigations are part of a wider study of the breeding systems of lowland tropical forest trees (Bawa, 1974; Bawa and Opler, 1975).