Showing papers in "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2016"

TL;DR: Vitamin D deficiency is evident throughout the European population at prevalence rates that are concerning and that require action from a public health perspective, and what direction these strategies take will depend on European policy.

TL;DR: Ultraprocessed food consumption was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity in a prospective cohort of Spanish middle-aged adult university graduates.

TL;DR: Evidence to date shows that acute exposure to food advertising increases food intake in children but not in adults, and these data support public health policy action that seeks to reduce children's exposure to unhealthy food advertising.

TL;DR: Maternal anemia remains a significant health problem in low- and middle-income countries and in the South Asian region, South Asian, African, and low- Income countries had a higher pooled anemia prevalence than did other Asian and upper-middle- income countries.

TL;DR: Although impossible to prove causality with any single approach, MR is a highly cost-effective strategy for prioritizing intervention targets for disease prevention and for strengthening the evidence base for public health policy.

TL;DR: This dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies suggests a possible role for dairy foods, particularly yogurt, in the prevention of T2D.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors tested the hypothesis that nutritional supplementation with whey protein, essential amino acids and vitamin D concurrent with regular, controlled physical activity would increase fat-free mass, strength, physical function, and quality of life, and reduce the risk of malnutrition in sarcopenic elderly persons.

TL;DR: The isocaloric KD was not accompanied by increased body fat loss but was associated with relatively small increases in EE that were near the limits of detection with the use of state-of-the-art technology.

TL;DR: A systematic PubMed and Medline search of articles published up to January 2015 and filtered the retrieved articles according to predefined criteria was carried out by as mentioned in this paper. But the results showed that most original studies that reported a dietary influence on breast-milk composition did not assess diet directly, did not quantify its association with milk composition, or both.

TL;DR: The findings derived from accelerometer-based measurements suggest that increasing light-intensity activity and reducing sedentary time are also important, particularly for inactive adults.

TL;DR: The HF-DASH diet lowered blood pressure to the same extent as the DASH diet but also reduced plasma triglyceride and VLDL concentrations without significantly increasing LDL cholesterol.

TL;DR: Well-designed, prospective, randomized controlled trials that examine the effects of iodine supplementation on maternal thyroid function and infant neurobehavioral development in mildly to moderately iodine-deficient pregnant women are urgently needed.

TL;DR: Age is the most significant PA predictor in men and women followed by FFM and height, and the ECW:ICW contribution may explain the association of the PA observed in the clinical setting and in people who are obese.

TL;DR: Sustained dietary nitrate ingestion improves vascular function in hypercholesterolemic patients and is associated with alterations in the oral microbiome and, in particular, nitrate-reducing genera, providing additional support for the assessment of the potential of dietary Nitrate as a preventative strategy against atherogenesis in larger cohorts.

TL;DR: DHA is more effective than EPA in modulating specific markers of inflammation as well as blood lipids and additional studies are needed to determine the effect of a long-term DHA supplementation per se on cardiovascular disease risk.

TL;DR: Results showed that, during a marked energy deficit, consumption of a diet containing 2.4 g protein was more effective in promoting increases in LBM and losses of fat mass when combined with a high volume of resistance and anaerobic exercise.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe mortality in vegetarians and comparable non-vegetarians in a large United Kingdom cohort, including 60,310 persons living in the United Kingdom, comprising 18,431 regular meat eaters (who ate meat ≥5 times/wk on average), 13,039 low (less-frequent)Meat eaters, 8516 fish eaters and 20,324 vegetarians (including 2228 vegans who did not eat any animal foods).

TL;DR: An accurate method for measuring 25(OH)D showed stable mean concentrations in the US population (1988-2006) and recent modest increases (2007-2010) and the use of higher vitamin D supplement dosages coincided with the increase.

TL;DR: Higher intakes of fruit-based flavonoids were associated with a lower risk of nonfatal MI and ischemic stroke in men, and Mechanistic studies and clinical trials are needed to unravel the differential benefits of anthocyanin- and flavanone-rich foods on cardiovascular health.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the genetic and environmental contributions to BMI variation from infancy to early adulthood and the ways they differ by sex and geographic regions representing high (North America and Australia), moderate (Europe), and low levels (East Asia) of obesogenic environments.

TL;DR: The HIP significantly increased FV intake among SNAP participants, closing ∼20% of the gap relative to recommendations and increasing dietary quality and more research on mechanisms of action is warranted.

TL;DR: Light and moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas heavy alcohol consumption had little or no effect on subsequent T2D risk.

TL;DR: The inclusion of dietary pulses in a diet may be a beneficial weight-loss strategy because it leads to a modest weight- Loss effect even when diets are not intended to be calorically restricted.

TL;DR: In this Dutch population, higher SFA intake was not associated with higher IHD risks and the lower IHD risk observed did not depend on the substituting macronutrient but appeared to be driven mainly by the sums of butyric through capric acid, the sum of pentadecylic and margaric acid, myristic Acid, and SFAs from dairy sources.

TL;DR: The results suggest that colonic propionate production may play an important role in attenuating reward-based eating behavior via striatal pathways, independent of changes in plasma PYY and GLP-1.

TL;DR: Urine samples offer a valid alternative or complement to serum for metabolite biomarkers of diet in large-scale clinical or epidemiologic studies, and metabolites associated with leafy green vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages, citrus, added sugar, red meat, shellfish, desserts, and wine are found.

TL;DR: A WDDS of ≥4 food groups during pregnancy was shown to be associated with lower risk of maternal anemia, LBW, and PTB and population-based controlled trials of various options to improve dietary diversity are needed before conclusive recommendations can be made.

TL;DR: This review article is an overview of the evidence-based research undertaken over the past 2 decades on the development of very-low-birth-weight infants' oral feeding skills and the description of the different functional levels where these infants can encounter hurdles may assist caregivers in identifying a potential cause or causes for their individual patients' Oral feeding difficulties.

TL;DR: A systematic review and meta-analysis was suggestive of benefits of increased n-3 LC-PUFAs in the maternal diet and outcomes of childhood allergic disease, but due to the inconsistency in results, the hypothesis linking maternal n-2LC-PUFA intake to childhood allergy cannot unequivocally be confirmed or rejected.

TL;DR: Low maternal 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with proportional fetal growth restriction and with an increased risk of preterm birth and small size for gestational age at birth and the potential for public health interventions.