Engineered Liver-on-a-Chip Platform to Mimic Liver Functions and Its Biomedical Applications: A Review.
TLDR
The physiological microenvironments in the liver, especially the cell composition and its specialized roles, are introduced, and the strategies to build a liver-on-a-chip via microfluidic technologies and its biomedical applications are summarized.Abstract:
Hepatology and drug development for liver diseases require in vitro liver models. Typical models include 2D planar primary hepatocytes, hepatocyte spheroids, hepatocyte organoids, and liver-on-a-chip. Liver-on-a-chip has emerged as the mainstream model for drug development because it recapitulates the liver microenvironment and has good assay robustness such as reproducibility. Liver-on-a-chip with human primary cells can potentially correlate clinical testing. Liver-on-a-chip can not only predict drug hepatotoxicity and drug metabolism, but also connect other artificial organs on the chip for a human-on-a-chip, which can reflect the overall effect of a drug. Engineering an effective liver-on-a-chip device requires knowledge of multiple disciplines including chemistry, fluidic mechanics, cell biology, electrics, and optics. This review first introduces the physiological microenvironments in the liver, especially the cell composition and its specialized roles, and then summarizes the strategies to build a liver-on-a-chip via microfluidic technologies and its biomedical applications. In addition, the latest advancements of liver-on-a-chip technologies are discussed, which serve as a basis for further liver-on-a-chip research.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fabrication and Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review.
Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu,Cristina Chircov,Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă,Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu,Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu +4 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present microfluidic technology in terms of the available platform materials and fabrication techniques, also focusing on the biomedical applications of these remarkable devices, including nanoparticle preparation, drug encapsulation, delivery, and targeting, cell analysis, diagnosis, and cell culture.
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A guide to the organ-on-a-chip
Chak Ming Leung,Pim de Haan,Kacey Ronaldson-Bouchard,Ge-Ah Kim,Jihoon Ko,Hoon Suk Rho,Zhu Chen,Pamela Habibovic,Noo Li Jeon,Shuichi Takayama,Michael Shur,Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic,Olivier Frey,Elisabeth Verpoorte,Yi-Chin Toh +14 more
TL;DR: This Primer is intended to give an introduction to the aspects of OoC that need to be considered when developing an application- specific OoC, as well as subsequent assaying techniques to extract biological information from OoC devices.
Journal ArticleDOI
A guide to the organ-on-a-chip
TL;DR: Organs-on-chips (OoCs) as mentioned in this paper are systems containing engineered or natural miniature tissues grown inside microfluidic chips, which are designed to control cell microenvironments and maintain tissue-specific functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip models of human liver tissue.
TL;DR: The cellular constituents and physiology of the liver are reviewed and critically discussed and the state-of-the-art chip-based liver models and their applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
3D Primary Hepatocyte Culture Systems for Analyses of Liver Diseases, Drug Metabolism, and Toxicity : Emerging Culture Paradigms and Applications
Volker M. Lauschke,Reza Zandi Shafagh,Reza Zandi Shafagh,Delilah F. G. Hendriks,Delilah F. G. Hendriks,Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg +5 more
TL;DR: Important considerations for microphysiological systems for primary hepatocyte culture are highlighted, current culture paradigms are reviewed, and their opportunities for studies of drug metabolism, hepatotoxicity, liver biology, and disease are discussed.
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TL;DR: This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro and how closely hepatoma, stem cell and iPS cell–derived hepatocyte-like-cells resemble real hepatocytes.
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