Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS
Daniel Erny,Anna Lena Hrabě de Angelis,Diego Jaitin,Peter Wieghofer,Ori Staszewski,Eyal David,Hadas Keren-Shaul,Tanel Mahlakõiv,Kristin Jakobshagen,Thorsten Buch,Vera Schwierzeck,Olaf Utermöhlen,Eunyoung Chun,Wendy S. Garrett,Kathy D. McCoy,Andreas Diefenbach,Peter Staeheli,Bärbel Stecher,Ido Amit,Marco Prinz +19 more
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TLDR
It is determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis and mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirroredmicroglia defects found under GF conditions, suggesting that host bacteria vitally regulate microglian maturation and function.Abstract:
As the tissue macrophages of the CNS, microglia are critically involved in diseases of the CNS. However, it remains unknown what controls their maturation and activation under homeostatic conditions. We observed substantial contributions of the host microbiota to microglia homeostasis, as germ-free (GF) mice displayed global defects in microglia with altered cell proportions and an immature phenotype, leading to impaired innate immune responses. Temporal eradication of host microbiota severely changed microglia properties. Limited microbiota complexity also resulted in defective microglia. In contrast, recolonization with a complex microbiota partially restored microglia features. We determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis. Accordingly, mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirrored microglia defects found under GF conditions. These findings suggest that host bacteria vitally regulate microglia maturation and function, whereas microglia impairment can be rectified to some extent by complex microbiota.read more
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Gut microbiota-derived vitamins - underrated powers of a multipotent ally in psychiatric health and disease.
TL;DR: A review of the role of vitamins in mental health and explore the perspectives and potential of how gut microbiota-derived vitamins could contribute to mental health as discussed by the authors and psychiatric treatment is presented in this paper.
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Microbiota and gut neuropeptides: a dual action of antimicrobial activity and neuroimmune response.
Julia Aresti Sanz,Sahar El Aidy +1 more
TL;DR: How gut neuropeptides help to maintain a balanced microbiota is discussed and the missing gaps that need to be further investigated are pointed at in order to elucidate whether these molecules are related to neuropsychiatric disorders, which are often associated with gut dysbiosis and altered gut Neuropeptide levels.
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The gut microbiome: a key player in the complexity of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Sarah L Boddy,Ilaria Giovannelli,Matilde Sassani,Johnathan Cooper-Knock,Michael Snyder,Eran Segal,Eran Elinav,Lynne Ann Barker,Pamela J. Shaw,Christopher J McDermott +9 more
TL;DR: A review of the current state of the art in this area can be found in this paper, with a focus on the role played by the gut microbiome in health and disease with a number of studies linking abnormalities to ALS.
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The effects of psychobiotics on the microbiota-gut-brain axis in early-life stress and neuropsychiatric disorders.
TL;DR: The available evidence from clinical and preclinical studies supporting a role for psychobiotics at ameliorating depression-related outcomes is reviewed, highlighting the knowledge gaps and challenges associated with conducting longitudinal studies to address outstanding key questions in the field.
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Salidroside Attenuates Cognitive Dysfunction in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice and Modulates Inflammation of the Gut-Brain Axis.
Zeping Xie,Hui Lu,Sixia Yang,Yi Zeng,Wei Li,Linlin Wang,Guanfeng Luo,Fang Fang,Ting Zeng,Weidong Cheng +9 more
TL;DR: Show that SAL has a therapeutic effect in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) strain, a reliable and stable mouse model of AD, and suggest that SAL effectively alleviated hippocampus-dependent memory impairment in the SAMP8 mice.
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The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis
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