Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS
Daniel Erny,Anna Lena Hrabě de Angelis,Diego Jaitin,Peter Wieghofer,Ori Staszewski,Eyal David,Hadas Keren-Shaul,Tanel Mahlakõiv,Kristin Jakobshagen,Thorsten Buch,Vera Schwierzeck,Olaf Utermöhlen,Eunyoung Chun,Wendy S. Garrett,Kathy D. McCoy,Andreas Diefenbach,Peter Staeheli,Bärbel Stecher,Ido Amit,Marco Prinz +19 more
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TLDR
It is determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis and mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirroredmicroglia defects found under GF conditions, suggesting that host bacteria vitally regulate microglian maturation and function.Abstract:
As the tissue macrophages of the CNS, microglia are critically involved in diseases of the CNS. However, it remains unknown what controls their maturation and activation under homeostatic conditions. We observed substantial contributions of the host microbiota to microglia homeostasis, as germ-free (GF) mice displayed global defects in microglia with altered cell proportions and an immature phenotype, leading to impaired innate immune responses. Temporal eradication of host microbiota severely changed microglia properties. Limited microbiota complexity also resulted in defective microglia. In contrast, recolonization with a complex microbiota partially restored microglia features. We determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis. Accordingly, mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirrored microglia defects found under GF conditions. These findings suggest that host bacteria vitally regulate microglia maturation and function, whereas microglia impairment can be rectified to some extent by complex microbiota.read more
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The Influence of Gut Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis and Management of Ischemic Stroke
Saravana Babu Chidambaram,A.G. Rathipriya,Arehally M. Mahalakshmi,Sonali Sharma,Tousif Ahmed Hediyal,Bipul Chandra Ray,Tuladhar Sunanda,Wiramon Rungratanawanich,Rajpal S. Kashyap,M. Walid Qoronfleh,Musthafa Mohamed Essa,Byoung Joon Song,Tanya Monaghan +12 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the restoration of the gut microbiome usually improves stroke treatment outcomes by regulating metabolic, immune, and inflammatory responses via the gut–brain axis (GBA).
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Targeting the gut microbiota by dietary nutrients: A new avenue for human health
TL;DR: An overview of current findings about the intimate interrelationships between diet and gut microbiota is provided and the physiological effects of some microbial-associated small molecules and metabolites on the host as well as the detailed signaling mechanisms are introduced.
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Gut dysbiosis, defective autophagy and altered immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases: Tales of a vicious cycle.
Saravana Babu Chidambaram,Saravana Babu Chidambaram,Musthafa Mohamed Essa,John R. Campbell,Musthafa Mohamed Essa,A.G. Rathipriya,Muhammed Bishir,Bipul Ray,Arehally M. Mahalakshmi,A. H. Tousif,Meena Kishore Sakharkar,Rajpal S. Kashyap,Robert P. Friedland,Tanya Monaghan +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review summarizes the current understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in NDDs, and highlights a vicious cycle of gut dysbiosis, immune-mediated chronic neuroinflammation, impaired autophagy and proteinopathies, which contributes to the development of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
Journal ArticleDOI
You Talking to Me? Says the Enteric Nervous System (ENS) to the Microbe. How Intestinal Microbes Interact with the ENS
Mauro Giuffrè,Rita Moretti,Giuseppina Campisciano,Alexandre Barcelos Morais da Silveira,Vincenzo Monda,Manola Comar,Stefano Di Bella,Roberta Maria Antonello,Roberto Luzzati,Lory Saveria Crocè +9 more
TL;DR: The aim of this narrative review is to report the current findings regarding the inter-relationships between bacteria, viruses, and parasites and the ENS, as the first interface to the central nervous system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut dysbiosis, defective autophagy and altered immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases: Tales of a vicious cycle
TL;DR: In this article , a review summarizes the current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in NDDs, and highlights a vicious cycle of gut dysbiosis, immune-mediated chronic neuroinflammation, impaired autophagy and proteinopathies.
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