Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS
Daniel Erny,Anna Lena Hrabě de Angelis,Diego Jaitin,Peter Wieghofer,Ori Staszewski,Eyal David,Hadas Keren-Shaul,Tanel Mahlakõiv,Kristin Jakobshagen,Thorsten Buch,Vera Schwierzeck,Olaf Utermöhlen,Eunyoung Chun,Wendy S. Garrett,Kathy D. McCoy,Andreas Diefenbach,Peter Staeheli,Bärbel Stecher,Ido Amit,Marco Prinz +19 more
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TLDR
It is determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis and mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirroredmicroglia defects found under GF conditions, suggesting that host bacteria vitally regulate microglian maturation and function.Abstract:
As the tissue macrophages of the CNS, microglia are critically involved in diseases of the CNS. However, it remains unknown what controls their maturation and activation under homeostatic conditions. We observed substantial contributions of the host microbiota to microglia homeostasis, as germ-free (GF) mice displayed global defects in microglia with altered cell proportions and an immature phenotype, leading to impaired innate immune responses. Temporal eradication of host microbiota severely changed microglia properties. Limited microbiota complexity also resulted in defective microglia. In contrast, recolonization with a complex microbiota partially restored microglia features. We determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis. Accordingly, mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirrored microglia defects found under GF conditions. These findings suggest that host bacteria vitally regulate microglia maturation and function, whereas microglia impairment can be rectified to some extent by complex microbiota.read more
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Cortical Gray Matter Injury in Encephalopathy of Prematurity: Link to Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
TL;DR: The current state of knowledge in this field is reviewed, amalgamating data from both clinical and preclinical studies, in the context of normal processes of developmental biology and the known pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Supplementation of dietary non-digestible oligosaccharides from birth onwards improve social and reduce anxiety-like behaviour in male BALB/c mice.
Kirsten Szklany,Harm Wopereis,Cindy de Waard,Thecla van Wageningen,Ran An,Kees van Limpt,Jan Knol,Johan Garssen,Léon M.J. Knippels,Clara Belzer,Aletta D. Kraneveld +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of dietary supplementation with a specific mixture from the day of birth onwards on behaviour and intestinal microbiota development in mice were investigated and compared to control fed mice, scGOS:lcFOS fed mice showed reduced anxiety-like and repetitive behaviour over time and improved social behaviour in adulthood.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in neuroinflammation.
TL;DR: A review of recent findings on the gut microbiota in MS patients and the potential mechanisms how microbial metabolites may affect neuroinflammation is discussed, including short‐chain fatty acids or tryptophan metabolites.
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Potential Associations Among Alteration of Salivary miRNAs, Saliva Microbiome Structure, and Cognitive Impairments in Autistic Children
Marco Ragusa,Maria Santagati,Federica Mirabella,Giovanni Lauretta,Matilde Cirnigliaro,Duilia Brex,Cristina Barbagallo,Carla Noemi Domini,Mariangela Gulisano,Rita Barone,Laura Trovato,Salvatore Massimo Oliveri,Gino Mongelli,Ambra Spitale,Davide Barbagallo,Cinzia Di Pietro,Stefania Stefani,Renata Rizzo,Michele Purrello +18 more
TL;DR: MiRNA and microbiome dysregulations found in the saliva of ASD children are potentially associated with cognitive impairments of the subjects, and a potential cross-talking between circulating miRNAs and resident bacteria could occur in saliva of autistic children.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbiota in cerebrovascular disease: A key player and future therapeutic target.
TL;DR: The critical concept of gene-microbial interaction is proposed to elucidate the heterogeneity of stroke and provide possible therapeutic avenues to resolve the vast inter-individual diversity of cerebrovascular disease and mechanisms for personalized prevention and treatment.
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Patrick M. Smith,Michael R. Howitt,Nicolai Panikov,Monia Michaud,Carey Ann Gallini,Mohammad Bohlooly-Y,Jonathan N. Glickman,Wendy S. Garrett +7 more
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