Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS
Daniel Erny,Anna Lena Hrabě de Angelis,Diego Jaitin,Peter Wieghofer,Ori Staszewski,Eyal David,Hadas Keren-Shaul,Tanel Mahlakõiv,Kristin Jakobshagen,Thorsten Buch,Vera Schwierzeck,Olaf Utermöhlen,Eunyoung Chun,Wendy S. Garrett,Kathy D. McCoy,Andreas Diefenbach,Peter Staeheli,Bärbel Stecher,Ido Amit,Marco Prinz +19 more
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TLDR
It is determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis and mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirroredmicroglia defects found under GF conditions, suggesting that host bacteria vitally regulate microglian maturation and function.Abstract:
As the tissue macrophages of the CNS, microglia are critically involved in diseases of the CNS. However, it remains unknown what controls their maturation and activation under homeostatic conditions. We observed substantial contributions of the host microbiota to microglia homeostasis, as germ-free (GF) mice displayed global defects in microglia with altered cell proportions and an immature phenotype, leading to impaired innate immune responses. Temporal eradication of host microbiota severely changed microglia properties. Limited microbiota complexity also resulted in defective microglia. In contrast, recolonization with a complex microbiota partially restored microglia features. We determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis. Accordingly, mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirrored microglia defects found under GF conditions. These findings suggest that host bacteria vitally regulate microglia maturation and function, whereas microglia impairment can be rectified to some extent by complex microbiota.read more
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High-fiber diet mitigates maternal obesity-induced cognitive and social dysfunction in the offspring via gut-brain axis
Xiaoning Liu,Xiang Li,Bing Xia,Xin Jin,Qianhui Zou,Zhenhua Zeng,Weiyang Zhao,Shikai Yan,Ling Li,Shufen Yuan,Shancen Zhao,Xiaoshuang Dai,Fei Yin,Enrique Cadenas,Rui Hai Liu,Beita Zhao,Min Hou,Zhigang Liu,Zhigang Liu,Xuebo Liu +19 more
TL;DR: In this article, a cross-sectional study with 778 children aged 7-14 years in China indicated that maternal obesity is strongly associated with children's lower cognition and sociality.
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Prenatal and postnatal contributions of the maternal microbiome on offspring programming
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TL;DR: It is proposed that the maternal microbiota influences prenatal and early postnatal offspring development and health outcomes through two overlapping processes and the possibility that environmental factors may exert programmatic effects by disrupting the functional contributions of the maternal microbiome during prenatal and postnatal development to influence offspring outcomes across the lifespan.
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The Link between Gut Dysbiosis and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease.
TL;DR: Evidence from clinical and basic science implicating microglia activation by gut dysbiosis and how this phenomenon may impact in the symptomatology and progression of PD is explored.
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GDP-l-fucose synthase is a CD4+ T cell–specific autoantigen in DRB3*02:02 patients with multiple sclerosis
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Fecal microbiota transfer between young and aged mice reverses hallmarks of the aging gut, eye, and brain
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TL;DR: In this paper , the effects of age and microbiota transfer on the gut barrier, retina, and brain were assessed using protein assays, immunohistology, and behavioral testing, showing that the aging microbiota drives detrimental changes in the gut-brain and gut-retina axes suggesting that microbial modulation may be of therapeutic benefit in preventing inflammationrelated tissue decline in later life.
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