Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS
Daniel Erny,Anna Lena Hrabě de Angelis,Diego Jaitin,Peter Wieghofer,Ori Staszewski,Eyal David,Hadas Keren-Shaul,Tanel Mahlakõiv,Kristin Jakobshagen,Thorsten Buch,Vera Schwierzeck,Olaf Utermöhlen,Eunyoung Chun,Wendy S. Garrett,Kathy D. McCoy,Andreas Diefenbach,Peter Staeheli,Bärbel Stecher,Ido Amit,Marco Prinz +19 more
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TLDR
It is determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis and mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirroredmicroglia defects found under GF conditions, suggesting that host bacteria vitally regulate microglian maturation and function.Abstract:
As the tissue macrophages of the CNS, microglia are critically involved in diseases of the CNS. However, it remains unknown what controls their maturation and activation under homeostatic conditions. We observed substantial contributions of the host microbiota to microglia homeostasis, as germ-free (GF) mice displayed global defects in microglia with altered cell proportions and an immature phenotype, leading to impaired innate immune responses. Temporal eradication of host microbiota severely changed microglia properties. Limited microbiota complexity also resulted in defective microglia. In contrast, recolonization with a complex microbiota partially restored microglia features. We determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis. Accordingly, mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirrored microglia defects found under GF conditions. These findings suggest that host bacteria vitally regulate microglia maturation and function, whereas microglia impairment can be rectified to some extent by complex microbiota.read more
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Old Maids: Aging and Its Impact on Microglia Function
TL;DR: The impact of normal aging on microglial function is outlined, the potential mechanisms underlying age-related changes in microglia are highlighted, and how aging can shape the recovery process following injury is discussed.
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C9orf72 suppresses systemic and neural inflammation induced by gut bacteria.
Aaron Burberry,Aaron Burberry,Michael F. Wells,Michael F. Wells,Francesco Limone,Francesco Limone,Francesco Limone,Alexander Couto,Alexander Couto,Kevin S. Smith,Kevin S. Smith,James Keaney,Gaëlle Gillet,Nick van Gastel,Jin-Yuan Wang,Jin-Yuan Wang,Olli Pietilainen,Olli Pietilainen,Menglu Qian,Menglu Qian,Pierce Eggan,Pierce Eggan,Christopher Cantrell,Christopher Cantrell,Joanie Mok,Joanie Mok,Irena Kadiu,David T. Scadden,Kevin Eggan,Kevin Eggan +29 more
TL;DR: Reduced abundance of immune-stimulating gut bacteria ameliorated the inflammatory and autoimmune phenotypes of mice with mutations in C9orf72, which in the human orthologue are linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.
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The role of the gut microbiota in development, function and disorders of the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system
TL;DR: The role of the microorganisms in the development and function of the CNS and the ENS, as well as their potential role in pathogenesis are focused on.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiota-Dependent Modulation of Energy Metabolism.
TL;DR: A role for the gut microbiota in obesity is indicated and it is suggested that the Gut microbiota could be targeted to improve metabolic diseases like obesity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Depletion of Cultivatable Gut Microbiota by Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Pretreatment Worsens Outcome After Murine Stroke
Katarzyna Winek,Odilo Engel,Priscilla Koduah,Markus M. Heimesaat,André Fischer,Stefan Bereswill,Claudia Dames,Olivia Kershaw,Achim D. Gruber,Caterina Curato,Naoki Oyama,Christian Meisel,Andreas Meisel,Ulrich Dirnagl +13 more
TL;DR: Conventional microbiota ensures intestinal protection in the mouse model of experimental stroke and prevents development of acute and severe colitis in microbiota-depleted mice not given antibiotic protection after cerebral ischemia.
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The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis
Patrick M. Smith,Michael R. Howitt,Nicolai Panikov,Monia Michaud,Carey Ann Gallini,Mohammad Bohlooly-Y,Jonathan N. Glickman,Wendy S. Garrett +7 more
TL;DR: This study determined that short-chain fatty acids, gut microbiota–derived bacterial fermentation products, regulate the size and function of the colonic Treg pool and protect against colitis in a Ffar2-dependent manner in mice, revealing that a class of abundant microbial metabolites underlies adaptive immune microbiota coadaptation and promotes colonic homeostasis and health.
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