Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS
Daniel Erny,Anna Lena Hrabě de Angelis,Diego Jaitin,Peter Wieghofer,Ori Staszewski,Eyal David,Hadas Keren-Shaul,Tanel Mahlakõiv,Kristin Jakobshagen,Thorsten Buch,Vera Schwierzeck,Olaf Utermöhlen,Eunyoung Chun,Wendy S. Garrett,Kathy D. McCoy,Andreas Diefenbach,Peter Staeheli,Bärbel Stecher,Ido Amit,Marco Prinz +19 more
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TLDR
It is determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis and mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirroredmicroglia defects found under GF conditions, suggesting that host bacteria vitally regulate microglian maturation and function.Abstract:
As the tissue macrophages of the CNS, microglia are critically involved in diseases of the CNS. However, it remains unknown what controls their maturation and activation under homeostatic conditions. We observed substantial contributions of the host microbiota to microglia homeostasis, as germ-free (GF) mice displayed global defects in microglia with altered cell proportions and an immature phenotype, leading to impaired innate immune responses. Temporal eradication of host microbiota severely changed microglia properties. Limited microbiota complexity also resulted in defective microglia. In contrast, recolonization with a complex microbiota partially restored microglia features. We determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis. Accordingly, mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirrored microglia defects found under GF conditions. These findings suggest that host bacteria vitally regulate microglia maturation and function, whereas microglia impairment can be rectified to some extent by complex microbiota.read more
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Oral Supplementation With Bovine Colostrum Prevents Septic Shock and Brain Barrier Disruption During Bloodstream Infection in Preterm Newborn Pigs.
Anders Brunse,Päivi S Worsøe,Susanne Elisabeth Pors,Kerstin Skovgaard,Per T. Sangild,Per T. Sangild +5 more
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A biological framework for emotional dysregulation in alcohol misuse: from gut to brain.
Carina Carbia,Séverine Lannoy,Pierre Maurage,Eduardo López-Caneda,Kenneth J. O’Riordan,Timothy G. Dinan,John F. Cryan +6 more
TL;DR: This work proposes an integrative microbiome neuro-immuno-affective framework of how emotional dysregulation and alcohol-related microbiome dysbiosis could accelerate the cycle of addiction, and outlines the overlapping effects of chronic alcohol use, inflammation and microbiome alterations on the fronto-limbic circuitry.
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Gut dysbiosis and neuroimmune responses to brain infection with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus.
Francisco J. Carrillo-Salinas,Leyre Mestre,Miriam Mecha,Ana Feliú,R. del Campo,Noelia Villarrubia,Carmen Espejo,Xavier Montalban,José C. Álvarez-Cermeño,Luisa M. Villar,Carmen Guaza +10 more
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated mechanistic pathways through which stress induces dysbiosis, which in turn escalates the neuropathological cascade of Alzheimer's disease, and found that the altered state of microbiota (dysbiosis) may affect behavior, stress response, and cognitive functions.
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