Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS
Daniel Erny,Anna Lena Hrabě de Angelis,Diego Jaitin,Peter Wieghofer,Ori Staszewski,Eyal David,Hadas Keren-Shaul,Tanel Mahlakõiv,Kristin Jakobshagen,Thorsten Buch,Vera Schwierzeck,Olaf Utermöhlen,Eunyoung Chun,Wendy S. Garrett,Kathy D. McCoy,Andreas Diefenbach,Peter Staeheli,Bärbel Stecher,Ido Amit,Marco Prinz +19 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
It is determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis and mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirroredmicroglia defects found under GF conditions, suggesting that host bacteria vitally regulate microglian maturation and function.Abstract:
As the tissue macrophages of the CNS, microglia are critically involved in diseases of the CNS. However, it remains unknown what controls their maturation and activation under homeostatic conditions. We observed substantial contributions of the host microbiota to microglia homeostasis, as germ-free (GF) mice displayed global defects in microglia with altered cell proportions and an immature phenotype, leading to impaired innate immune responses. Temporal eradication of host microbiota severely changed microglia properties. Limited microbiota complexity also resulted in defective microglia. In contrast, recolonization with a complex microbiota partially restored microglia features. We determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis. Accordingly, mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirrored microglia defects found under GF conditions. These findings suggest that host bacteria vitally regulate microglia maturation and function, whereas microglia impairment can be rectified to some extent by complex microbiota.read more
Citations
More filters
Book ChapterDOI
The gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease: A culprit or a bystander?
TL;DR: It is concluded that further studies are needed to determine whether the gut microbiota changes observed so far in PD patients is the cause or, instead, it is merely a consequence of lifestyle changes associated with the disease, as changes in microbiota appears to be impactful in pathogenesis of neuroinflammation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut microbiota modulation accounts for the neuroprotective properties of anthocyanins
Cláudia Marques,Cláudia Marques,Iva Fernandes,Manuela Meireles,Manuela Meireles,Ana Faria,Ana Faria,Jeremy P. E. Spencer,Nuno Mateus,Conceição Calhau,Conceição Calhau +10 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the blackberry anthocyanin-rich extract (BE) can modulate gut microbiota composition and counteract some of the features of HF-diet induced dysbiosis, suggesting that dietary manipulation of the gut microbiota with Anthocyanins can attenuate the neurologic complications of obesity, thus expanding the classification of psychobiotics to anthocianins.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders
TL;DR: The human body is full of an extensive number of commensal microbes, consisting of bacteria, viruses, and fungi collectively termed the human microbiome as discussed by the authors , and the initial acquisition of microbiota occurs from both the external and maternal environments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microglia: Brain cells on the move.
Sophie Smolders,Sofie Kessels,Tim Vangansewinkel,Jean-Michel Rigo,Pascal Legendre,Bert Brône +5 more
TL;DR: The intriguing aspect of their physical plasticity during CNS development will get specific attention, and the physiological and pathological functions of microglia in which mobility and motility are involved are discussed to stress the importance ofmicroglial 'movement'.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Gut and Parkinson's Disease: Hype or Hope?
TL;DR: This mini-review attempts to concisely summarize the current knowledge after two decades of research on the gut-brain axis in PD, focusing on alpha-synuclein pathology, biomarkers, and the gut microbiota and envision the development and impact of these research areas for the two decades to come.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources.
TL;DR: By following this protocol, investigators are able to gain an in-depth understanding of the biological themes in lists of genes that are enriched in genome-scale studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease
TL;DR: Findings indicating that developmental aspects of the adaptive immune system are influenced by bacterial colonization of the gut are discussed, and the possibility that the mammalian immune system, which seems to be designed to control microorganisms, is in fact controlled by microorganisms is raised.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages
Florent Ginhoux,Florent Ginhoux,Melanie Greter,Marylene Leboeuf,Sayan Nandi,Peter See,Solen Gokhan,Mark F. Mehler,Simon J. Conway,Lai Guan Ng,E. Richard Stanley,Igor M. Samokhvalov,Miriam Merad +12 more
TL;DR: Results identify microglia as an ontogenically distinct population in the mononuclear phagocyte system and have implications for the use of embryonically derived microglial progenitors for the treatment of various brain disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Microbial Metabolites, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Regulate Colonic Treg Cell Homeostasis
Patrick M. Smith,Michael R. Howitt,Nicolai Panikov,Monia Michaud,Carey Ann Gallini,Mohammad Bohlooly-Y,Jonathan N. Glickman,Wendy S. Garrett +7 more
TL;DR: This study determined that short-chain fatty acids, gut microbiota–derived bacterial fermentation products, regulate the size and function of the colonic Treg pool and protect against colitis in a Ffar2-dependent manner in mice, revealing that a class of abundant microbial metabolites underlies adaptive immune microbiota coadaptation and promotes colonic homeostasis and health.
Journal ArticleDOI
GOrilla: a tool for discovery and visualization of enriched GO terms in ranked gene lists
Eran Eden,Roy Navon,Roy Navon,Israel Steinfeld,Israel Steinfeld,Doron Lipson,Zohar Yakhini,Zohar Yakhini +7 more
TL;DR: GOrilla is a web-based application that identifies enriched GO terms in ranked lists of genes, without requiring the user to provide explicit target and background sets, and its unique features and advantages over other threshold free enrichment tools include rigorous statistics, fast running time and an effective graphical representation.
Related Papers (5)
The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice
Viorica Braniste,Maha Al-Asmakh,Czeslawa Kowal,Farhana Anuar,Afrouz Abbaspour,Miklós Tóth,Agata Korecka,Nadja Bakocevic,Lai Guan Ng,Parag Kundu,Balázs Gulyás,Balázs Gulyás,Christer Halldin,Christer Halldin,Kjell Hultenby,Harriet Nilsson,Hans Hebert,Bruce T. Volpe,Betty Diamond,Sven Pettersson,Sven Pettersson +20 more
Gut Microbiota Regulate Motor Deficits and Neuroinflammation in a Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Timothy R. Sampson,Justine W. Debelius,Taren Thron,Stefan Janssen,Gauri G. Shastri,Zehra Esra Ilhan,Collin Challis,Catherine E. Schretter,Sandra Rocha,Viviana Gradinaru,Marie-Françoise Chesselet,Ali Keshavarzian,Kathleen M. Shannon,Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown,Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede,Rob Knight,Sarkis K. Mazmanian +16 more