Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS
Daniel Erny,Anna Lena Hrabě de Angelis,Diego Jaitin,Peter Wieghofer,Ori Staszewski,Eyal David,Hadas Keren-Shaul,Tanel Mahlakõiv,Kristin Jakobshagen,Thorsten Buch,Vera Schwierzeck,Olaf Utermöhlen,Eunyoung Chun,Wendy S. Garrett,Kathy D. McCoy,Andreas Diefenbach,Peter Staeheli,Bärbel Stecher,Ido Amit,Marco Prinz +19 more
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TLDR
It is determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis and mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirroredmicroglia defects found under GF conditions, suggesting that host bacteria vitally regulate microglian maturation and function.Abstract:
As the tissue macrophages of the CNS, microglia are critically involved in diseases of the CNS. However, it remains unknown what controls their maturation and activation under homeostatic conditions. We observed substantial contributions of the host microbiota to microglia homeostasis, as germ-free (GF) mice displayed global defects in microglia with altered cell proportions and an immature phenotype, leading to impaired innate immune responses. Temporal eradication of host microbiota severely changed microglia properties. Limited microbiota complexity also resulted in defective microglia. In contrast, recolonization with a complex microbiota partially restored microglia features. We determined that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), microbiota-derived bacterial fermentation products, regulated microglia homeostasis. Accordingly, mice deficient for the SCFA receptor FFAR2 mirrored microglia defects found under GF conditions. These findings suggest that host bacteria vitally regulate microglia maturation and function, whereas microglia impairment can be rectified to some extent by complex microbiota.read more
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Emerging Developments in Microbiome and Microglia Research: Implications for Neurodevelopmental Disorders
TL;DR: This review summarizes parallel developments from clinical and preclinical research that suggest neuroactive roles for gut bacteria and their metabolites and addresses an emerging hypothesis behind neurodevelopmental disorders, which implicates microbiome dysbiosis in the atypical programming of neuroimmune cells, namely microglia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adolescent dietary manipulations differentially affect gut microbiota composition and amygdala neuroimmune gene expression in male mice in adulthood
Christine Fülling,Gilliard Lach,Thomaz F.S. Bastiaanssen,Fiona Fouhy,Aoife N O'Donovan,Ana-Paula Ventura-Silva,Catherine Stanton,Timothy G. Dinan,John F. Cryan +8 more
TL;DR: The results show long-lasting effects of dietary interventions during the adolescent period on microbiota composition and the expression of genes related to neuroinflammation or neurotransmission, and highlight the importance of diet-microbiota interactions during the teenager period in shaping specific outputs of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in later life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Berberine alleviates visceral hypersensitivity in rats by altering gut microbiome and suppressing spinal microglial activation.
Jindong Zhang,Jiao Liu,Shiwei Zhu,Yuan Fang,Ben Wang,Qiong Jia,Hui-feng Hao,John Y. Kao,Qihua He,Lijin Song,Fei Liu,Baoli Zhu,Chung Owyang,Liping Duan +13 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of berberine on the microbiota-gut-brain axis were investigated in two rat models of visceral hypersensitivity and activation of colonic mast cells and microglia in the dorsal lumbar spinal cord.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gut Microbiome-Modified Polyphenolic Compounds Inhibit α-Synuclein Seeding and Spreading in α-Synucleinopathies.
TL;DR: 3-HPPA effectively attenuated MSA-induced aggregation of monomer into high molecular weight aggregates capable of inducing intracellular aggregation, and provided the basis for future developments of probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic approaches for modulating the onset and/or progression of α-synucleinopathies.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Role of Gut Microbiota and Gut-Brain Interplay in Selected Diseases of the Central Nervous System.
TL;DR: In this article, a literature review is presented to describe how the gut-brain interplay may contribute to the development of various neurological disorders, combining the fields of gastroenterology and neuroscience.
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Patrick M. Smith,Michael R. Howitt,Nicolai Panikov,Monia Michaud,Carey Ann Gallini,Mohammad Bohlooly-Y,Jonathan N. Glickman,Wendy S. Garrett +7 more
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