Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.
Eric S. Lander,Lauren Linton,Bruce W. Birren,Chad Nusbaum,Michael C. Zody,Jennifer Baldwin,Keri Devon,Ken Dewar,Michael Doyle,William Fitzhugh,Roel Funke,Diane Gage,Katrina Harris,Andrew Heaford,John Howland,Lisa Kann,Jessica A. Lehoczky,Rosie Levine,Paul A. McEwan,Kevin McKernan,James Meldrim,Jill P. Mesirov,Cher Miranda,William Morris,Jerome Naylor,Christina Raymond,Mark Rosetti,Ralph Santos,Andrew Sheridan,Carrie Sougnez,Nicole Stange-Thomann,Nikola Stojanovic,Aravind Subramanian,Dudley Wyman,Jane Rogers,John Sulston,R Ainscough,Stephan Beck,David Bentley,John Burton,C M Clee,Nigel P. Carter,Alan Coulson,Rebecca Deadman,Panos Deloukas,Andrew Dunham,Ian Dunham,Richard Durbin,Lisa French,Darren Grafham,Simon G. Gregory,Tim Hubbard,Sean Humphray,Adrienne Hunt,Matthew Jones,Christine Lloyd,Amanda McMurray,Lucy Matthews,Simon Mercer,Sarah Milne,James C. Mullikin,Andrew J. Mungall,Robert W. Plumb,Mark T. Ross,Ratna Shownkeen,Sarah Sims,Robert H. Waterston,Richard K. Wilson,LaDeana W. Hillier,John Douglas Mcpherson,Marco A. Marra,Elaine R. Mardis,Lucinda Fulton,Asif T. Chinwalla,Kymberlie H. Pepin,Warren Gish,Stephanie L. Chissoe,Michael C. Wendl,Kim D. Delehaunty,Tracie L. Miner,Andrew Delehaunty,Jason B. Kramer,Lisa Cook,Robert S. Fulton,Douglas L. Johnson,Patrick Minx,Sandra W. Clifton,Trevor Hawkins,Elbert Branscomb,Paul Predki,Paul G. Richardson,Sarah Wenning,Tom Slezak,Norman A. Doggett,Jan Fang Cheng,Anne S. Olsen,Susan Lucas,Christopher J. Elkin,Edward Uberbacher,Marvin Frazier,Richard A. Gibbs,Donna M. Muzny,Steven E. Scherer,John Bouck,Erica Sodergren,Kim C. Worley,Catherine M. Rives,James H. Gorrell,Michael L. Metzker,Susan L. Naylor,Raju Kucherlapati,David L. Nelson,George M. Weinstock,Yoshiyuki Sakaki,Asao Fujiyama,Masahira Hattori,Tetsushi Yada,Atsushi Toyoda,Takehiko Itoh,Chiharu Kawagoe,Hidemi Watanabe,Yasushi Totoki,Todd D. Taylor,Jean Weissenbach,Roland Heilig,William Saurin,François Artiguenave,Philippe Brottier,Thomas Brüls,Eric Pelletier,Catherine Robert,Patrick Wincker,André Rosenthal,Matthias Platzer,Gerald Nyakatura,Stefan Taudien,Andreas Rump,Douglas R. Smith,Lynn Doucette-Stamm,Marc Rubenfield,Keith Weinstock,Mei Lee Hong,Joann Dubois,Huanming Yang,Jun Yu,Jian Wang,Guyang Huang,Jun Gu,Leroy Hood,Lee Rowen,Anup Madan,Shizen Qin,Ronald W. Davis,Nancy A. Federspiel,A. Pia Abola,Michael Proctor,Bruce A. Roe,Feng Chen,Huaqin Pan,Juliane Ramser,Hans Lehrach,Richard Reinhardt,W. Richard McCombie,Melissa De La Bastide,Neilay Dedhia,H. Blöcker,K. Hornischer,Gabriele Nordsiek,Richa Agarwala,L. Aravind,Jeffrey A. Bailey,Alex Bateman,Serafim Batzoglou,Ewan Birney,Peer Bork,Daniel G. Brown,Christopher B. Burge,Lorenzo Cerutti,Hsiu Chuan Chen,Deanna M. Church,Michele Clamp,Richard R. Copley,Tobias Doerks,Sean R. Eddy,Evan E. Eichler,Terrence S. Furey,James E. Galagan,James G. R. Gilbert,Cyrus L. Harmon,Yoshihide Hayashizaki,David Haussler,Henning Hermjakob,Karsten Hokamp,Wonhee Jang,L. Steven Johnson,Thomas A. Jones,Simon Kasif,Arek Kaspryzk,Scot Kennedy,W. James Kent,Paul Kitts,Eugene V. Koonin,Ian F Korf,David Kulp,Doron Lancet,Todd M. Lowe,Aoife McLysaght,Tarjei S. Mikkelsen,John V. Moran,Nicola Mulder,Victor J. Pollara,Chris P. Ponting,Greg Schuler,Jörg Schultz,Guy Slater,Arian F.A. Smit,Elia Stupka,Joseph Szustakowki,Danielle Thierry-Mieg,Jean Thierry-Mieg,Lukas Wagner,John W. Wallis,Raymond Wheeler,Alan Williams,Yuri I. Wolf,Kenneth H. Wolfe,Shiaw Pyng Yang,Ru Fang Yeh,Francis S. Collins,Mark S. Guyer,Jane Peterson,Adam Felsenfeld,Kris A. Wetterstrand,Richard M. Myers,Jeremy Schmutz,Mark Dickson,Jane Grimwood,David R. Cox,Maynard V. Olson,Rajinder Kaul,Christopher K. Raymond,Nobuyoshi Shimizu,Kazuhiko Kawasaki,Shinsei Minoshima,Glen A. Evans,Maria Athanasiou,Roger A. Schultz,Aristides Patrinos,Michael J. Morgan +248 more
TLDR
The results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome are reported and an initial analysis is presented, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.Abstract:
The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.read more
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The enemy within: endogenous retroelements and autoimmune disease
TL;DR: An unexpected source of endogenous immunostimulatory nucleic acids: the reverse-transcribed cDNA of endogenous retroelements is discussed, which reveals an evolutionary tradeoff between innate immune sensing and clearance of retroelement cDNA and the interactions of DNA viruses and retroviruses with their hosts.
Journal ArticleDOI
The transcriptional activity of human Chromosome 22
John L. Rinn,Ghia Euskirchen,Paul Bertone,Rebecca Martone,Nicholas M. Luscombe,Stephen Hartman,Paul M. Harrison,F. Kenneth Nelson,Perry L. Miller,Mark Gerstein,Sherman M. Weissman,Michael Snyder +11 more
TL;DR: A DNA microarray representing nearly all of the unique sequences of human Chromosome 22 was constructed and used to measure global-transcriptional activity in placental poly(A)(+) RNA and revealed twice as many transcribed bases as have been reported previously.
Journal ArticleDOI
SIRT6 represses LINE1 retrotransposons by ribosylating KAP1 but this repression fails with stress and age
Michael Van Meter,Mehr Kashyap,Sarallah Rezazadeh,Anthony J. Geneva,Timothy D. Morello,Andrei Seluanov,Vera Gorbunova +6 more
TL;DR: During the course of aging, and also in response to DNA damage, this work finds that SIRT6 is depleted from L1 loci, allowing for the activation of these previously silenced retroelements.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genes, environment and the value of prospective cohort studies
TL;DR: The prospective cohort design provides a valuable complement to case-control studies in characterizing exposures and risk factors before disease onset, which reduces important biases that are common in case–control studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gene perturbation and intervention in probabilistic Boolean networks.
TL;DR: A model for random gene perturbations is developed and an explicit formula for the transition probabilities in the new Probabilistic Boolean Networks (PBNs) is derived and it is demonstrated that states of the network that are more 'easily reachable' from other states are more stable in the presence of gene perturgations.
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The sequence of the human genome.
J. Craig Venter,Mark Raymond Adams,Eugene W. Myers,Peter W. Li,Richard J. Mural,Granger G. Sutton,Hamilton O. Smith,Mark Yandell,Cheryl A. Evans,Robert A. Holt,Jeannine D. Gocayne,Peter Amanatides,Richard M. Ballew,Daniel H. Huson,Jennifer R. Wortman,Qing Zhang,Chinnappa D. Kodira,Xiangqun H. Zheng,Lin Chen,Marian P. Skupski,Gangadharan Subramanian,Paul Thomas,Jinghui Zhang,George L. Gabor Miklos,Catherine R. Nelson,Samuel Broder,Andrew G. Clark,J. H. Nadeau,Victor A. McKusick,Norton D. Zinder,Arnold J. Levine,Richard J. Roberts,M. I. Simon,Carolyn W. Slayman,Michael W. Hunkapiller,Randall Bolanos,Arthur L. Delcher,Ian M. Dew,Daniel Fasulo,Michael Flanigan,Liliana Florea,Aaron L. Halpern,Sridhar Hannenhalli,Saul A. Kravitz,Samuel Levy,Clark M. Mobarry,Knut Reinert,Karin A. Remington,Jane Abu-Threideh,Ellen M. Beasley,Kendra Biddick,Vivien Bonazzi,Rhonda Brandon,Michele Cargill,Ishwar Chandramouliswaran,Rosane Charlab,Kabir Chaturvedi,Zuoming Deng,Valentina Di Francesco,Patrick Dunn,Karen Eilbeck,Carlos Evangelista,Andrei Gabrielian,Weiniu Gan,Wangmao Ge,Fangcheng Gong,Zhiping Gu,Ping Guan,Thomas J. Heiman,Maureen E. Higgins,Rui-Ru Ji,Zhaoxi Ke,Karen A. Ketchum,Zhongwu Lai,Yiding Lei,Zhenya Li,Jiayin Li,Yong Liang,Xiaoying Lin,Fu Lu,Gennady V. Merkulov,Natalia Milshina,Helen M. Moore,Ashwinikumar K Naik,Vaibhav A. Narayan,Beena Neelam,Deborah Nusskern,Douglas B. Rusch,Steven L. Salzberg,Wei Shao,Bixiong Chris Shue,Jingtao Sun,Zhen Yuan Wang,Aihui Wang,Xin Wang,Jian Wang,Ming-Hui Wei,Ron Wides,Chunlin Xiao,Chunhua Yan,Alison Yao,Jane Ye,Ming Zhan,Weiqing Zhang,Hongyu Zhang,Qi Zhao,Liansheng Zheng,Fei Zhong,Wenyan Zhong,Shiaoping C. Zhu,Shaying Zhao,Dennis A. Gilbert,Suzanna Baumhueter,Gene Spier,Christine Carter,Anibal Cravchik,Trevor Woodage,Feroze Ali,Huijin An,Aderonke Awe,Danita Baldwin,Holly Baden,Mary Barnstead,Ian Barrow,Karen Beeson,Dana A. Busam,Amy Carver,Ming Lai Cheng,Liz Curry,Steve Danaher,Lionel Davenport,Raymond Desilets,Susanne Dietz,Kristina Dodson,Lisa Doup,Steven Ferriera,Neha Garg,Andres Gluecksmann,Brit J. Hart,Jason Haynes,Charles Haynes,Cheryl Heiner,Suzanne Hladun,Damon Hostin,Jarrett Houck,Timothy Howland,Chinyere Ibegwam,Jeffery Johnson,Francis Kalush,Lesley Kline,Shashi Koduru,Amy Love,Felecia Mann,David May,Steven McCawley,Tina C. McIntosh,Ivy McMullen,Mee Moy,Linda Moy,Brian Murphy,Keith Nelson,Cynthia Pfannkoch,Eric Pratts,Vinita Puri,Hina Qureshi,Matthew Reardon,Robert Rodriguez,Yu-Hui Rogers,Deanna Romblad,Bob Ruhfel,Richard T. Scott,Cynthia Sitter,Michelle Smallwood,Erin Stewart,Renee Strong,Ellen Suh,Reginald Thomas,Ni Ni Tint,Sukyee Tse,Claire Vech,Gary Wang,Jeremy Wetter,Sherita Williams,Monica Williams,Sandra Windsor,Emily Winn-Deen,Keriellen Wolfe,Jayshree Zaveri,Karena Zaveri,Josep F. Abril,Roderic Guigó,Michael J. Campbell,Kimmen Sjölander,Brian Karlak,Anish Kejariwal,Huaiyu Mi,Betty Lazareva,Thomas Hatton,Apurva Narechania,Karen Diemer,Anushya Muruganujan,Nan Guo,Shinji Sato,Vineet Bafna,Sorin Istrail,Ross Lippert,Russell Schwartz,Brian P. Walenz,Shibu Yooseph,David Allen,Anand Basu,James Baxendale,Louis Blick,Marcelo Caminha,John Carnes-Stine,Parris Caulk,Yen-Hui Chiang,My Coyne,Carl Dahlke,Anne Deslattes Mays,Maria Dombroski,Michael Donnelly,Dale Ely,Shiva Esparham,Carl Fosler,Harold Gire,Stephen Glanowski,Kenneth Glasser,Anna Glodek,Mark Gorokhov,Ken Graham,Barry Gropman,Michael Harris,Jeremy Heil,Scott Henderson,Jeffrey Hoover,Donald Jennings,Catherine Jordan,James Jordan,John Kasha,Leonid Kagan,Cheryl L. Kraft,Alexander Levitsky,Mark Lewis,Xiangjun Liu,John Lopez,Daniel Ma,William H. Majoros,Joe McDaniel,Sean C. Murphy,Matthew Newman,Trung Hieu Nguyen,Ngoc Nguyen,Marc Nodell,Sue Pan,Jim Peck,Marshall Peterson,William Rowe,Robert Sanders,John Scott,Michael Simpson,Thomas J. Smith,Arlan Sprague,Timothy B. Stockwell,Russell Turner,Eli Venter,Mei Wang,Meiyuan Wen,David Wu,Mitchell Wu,Ashley Xia,Ali Zandieh,Xiaohong Zhu +272 more
TL;DR: Comparative genomic analysis indicates vertebrate expansions of genes associated with neuronal function, with tissue-specific developmental regulation, and with the hemostasis and immune systems are indicated.
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Identification of common molecular subsequences.
TL;DR: This letter extends the heuristic homology algorithm of Needleman & Wunsch (1970) to find a pair of segments, one from each of two long sequences, such that there is no other Pair of segments with greater similarity (homology).
Journal ArticleDOI
Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome
Stephen Anderson,Alan T. Bankier,Bart Barrell,M.H.L. de Bruijn,Alan Coulson,J. Drouin,J. Drouin,Ian C. Eperon,Donald P. Nierlich,Donald P. Nierlich,Bruce A. Roe,Bruce A. Roe,Frederick Sanger,P. H. Schreier,Andrew J.H. Smith,Rodger Staden,Ian G. Young,Ian G. Young +17 more
TL;DR: The complete sequence of the 16,569-base pair human mitochondrial genome is presented and shows extreme economy in that the genes have none or only a few noncoding bases between them, and in many cases the termination codons are not coded in the DNA but are created post-transcriptionally by polyadenylation of the mRNAs.
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