Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.
Eric S. Lander,Lauren Linton,Bruce W. Birren,Chad Nusbaum,Michael C. Zody,Jennifer Baldwin,Keri Devon,Ken Dewar,Michael Doyle,William Fitzhugh,Roel Funke,Diane Gage,Katrina Harris,Andrew Heaford,John Howland,Lisa Kann,Jessica A. Lehoczky,Rosie Levine,Paul A. McEwan,Kevin McKernan,James Meldrim,Jill P. Mesirov,Cher Miranda,William Morris,Jerome Naylor,Christina Raymond,Mark Rosetti,Ralph Santos,Andrew Sheridan,Carrie Sougnez,Nicole Stange-Thomann,Nikola Stojanovic,Aravind Subramanian,Dudley Wyman,Jane Rogers,John Sulston,R Ainscough,Stephan Beck,David Bentley,John Burton,C M Clee,Nigel P. Carter,Alan Coulson,Rebecca Deadman,Panos Deloukas,Andrew Dunham,Ian Dunham,Richard Durbin,Lisa French,Darren Grafham,Simon G. Gregory,Tim Hubbard,Sean Humphray,Adrienne Hunt,Matthew Jones,Christine Lloyd,Amanda McMurray,Lucy Matthews,Simon Mercer,Sarah Milne,James C. Mullikin,Andrew J. Mungall,Robert W. Plumb,Mark T. Ross,Ratna Shownkeen,Sarah Sims,Robert H. Waterston,Richard K. Wilson,LaDeana W. Hillier,John Douglas Mcpherson,Marco A. Marra,Elaine R. Mardis,Lucinda Fulton,Asif T. Chinwalla,Kymberlie H. Pepin,Warren Gish,Stephanie L. Chissoe,Michael C. Wendl,Kim D. Delehaunty,Tracie L. Miner,Andrew Delehaunty,Jason B. Kramer,Lisa Cook,Robert S. Fulton,Douglas L. Johnson,Patrick Minx,Sandra W. Clifton,Trevor Hawkins,Elbert Branscomb,Paul Predki,Paul G. Richardson,Sarah Wenning,Tom Slezak,Norman A. Doggett,Jan Fang Cheng,Anne S. Olsen,Susan Lucas,Christopher J. Elkin,Edward Uberbacher,Marvin Frazier,Richard A. Gibbs,Donna M. Muzny,Steven E. Scherer,John Bouck,Erica Sodergren,Kim C. Worley,Catherine M. Rives,James H. Gorrell,Michael L. Metzker,Susan L. Naylor,Raju Kucherlapati,David L. Nelson,George M. Weinstock,Yoshiyuki Sakaki,Asao Fujiyama,Masahira Hattori,Tetsushi Yada,Atsushi Toyoda,Takehiko Itoh,Chiharu Kawagoe,Hidemi Watanabe,Yasushi Totoki,Todd D. Taylor,Jean Weissenbach,Roland Heilig,William Saurin,François Artiguenave,Philippe Brottier,Thomas Brüls,Eric Pelletier,Catherine Robert,Patrick Wincker,André Rosenthal,Matthias Platzer,Gerald Nyakatura,Stefan Taudien,Andreas Rump,Douglas R. Smith,Lynn Doucette-Stamm,Marc Rubenfield,Keith Weinstock,Mei Lee Hong,Joann Dubois,Huanming Yang,Jun Yu,Jian Wang,Guyang Huang,Jun Gu,Leroy Hood,Lee Rowen,Anup Madan,Shizen Qin,Ronald W. Davis,Nancy A. Federspiel,A. Pia Abola,Michael Proctor,Bruce A. Roe,Feng Chen,Huaqin Pan,Juliane Ramser,Hans Lehrach,Richard Reinhardt,W. Richard McCombie,Melissa De La Bastide,Neilay Dedhia,H. Blöcker,K. Hornischer,Gabriele Nordsiek,Richa Agarwala,L. Aravind,Jeffrey A. Bailey,Alex Bateman,Serafim Batzoglou,Ewan Birney,Peer Bork,Daniel G. Brown,Christopher B. Burge,Lorenzo Cerutti,Hsiu Chuan Chen,Deanna M. Church,Michele Clamp,Richard R. Copley,Tobias Doerks,Sean R. Eddy,Evan E. Eichler,Terrence S. Furey,James E. Galagan,James G. R. Gilbert,Cyrus L. Harmon,Yoshihide Hayashizaki,David Haussler,Henning Hermjakob,Karsten Hokamp,Wonhee Jang,L. Steven Johnson,Thomas A. Jones,Simon Kasif,Arek Kaspryzk,Scot Kennedy,W. James Kent,Paul Kitts,Eugene V. Koonin,Ian F Korf,David Kulp,Doron Lancet,Todd M. Lowe,Aoife McLysaght,Tarjei S. Mikkelsen,John V. Moran,Nicola Mulder,Victor J. Pollara,Chris P. Ponting,Greg Schuler,Jörg Schultz,Guy Slater,Arian F.A. Smit,Elia Stupka,Joseph Szustakowki,Danielle Thierry-Mieg,Jean Thierry-Mieg,Lukas Wagner,John W. Wallis,Raymond Wheeler,Alan Williams,Yuri I. Wolf,Kenneth H. Wolfe,Shiaw Pyng Yang,Ru Fang Yeh,Francis S. Collins,Mark S. Guyer,Jane Peterson,Adam Felsenfeld,Kris A. Wetterstrand,Richard M. Myers,Jeremy Schmutz,Mark Dickson,Jane Grimwood,David R. Cox,Maynard V. Olson,Rajinder Kaul,Christopher K. Raymond,Nobuyoshi Shimizu,Kazuhiko Kawasaki,Shinsei Minoshima,Glen A. Evans,Maria Athanasiou,Roger A. Schultz,Aristides Patrinos,Michael J. Morgan +248 more
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The results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome are reported and an initial analysis is presented, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.Abstract:
The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.read more
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The western painted turtle genome, a model for the evolution of extreme physiological adaptations in a slowly evolving lineage
H. Bradley Shaffer,Patrick Minx,Daniel E. Warren,Andrew M. Shedlock,Andrew M. Shedlock,Robert C. Thomson,Nicole Valenzuela,John Abramyan,Chris T. Amemiya,Daleen Badenhorst,Kyle K. Biggar,Glen M. Borchert,Glen M. Borchert,Christopher W. Botka,Rachel M. Bowden,Edward L. Braun,Anne M. Bronikowski,Benoit G. Bruneau,Leslie T. Buck,Blanche Capel,Todd A. Castoe,Todd A. Castoe,Michael Czerwinski,Kim D. Delehaunty,Scott V. Edwards,Catrina Fronick,Matthew K. Fujita,Matthew K. Fujita,Lucinda Fulton,Tina Graves,Richard E. Green,Wilfried Haerty,Ramkumar Hariharan,Omar E. Hernandez,LaDeana W. Hillier,Alisha K. Holloway,Daniel E. Janes,Fredric J. Janzen,Cyriac Kandoth,Lesheng Kong,A. P. Jason de Koning,Yang I. Li,Robert Literman,Suzanne E. McGaugh,Lindsey Mork,Michelle O'Laughlin,Ryan T. Paitz,David D. Pollock,Chris P. Ponting,Srihari Radhakrishnan,Brian J. Raney,Joy M. Richman,John St. John,Tonia S. Schwartz,Arun Sethuraman,Phillip Q. Spinks,Kenneth B. Storey,Nay Thane,Tomas Vinar,Laura M. Zimmerman,Wesley C. Warren,Elaine R. Mardis,Richard K. Wilson +62 more
TL;DR: Common vertebrate regulatory networks, some of which have analogs in human diseases, are often involved in the western painted turtle's extraordinary physiological capacities, and may offer important insights into the management of a number of human health disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI
NEAT1 Long Noncoding RNA and Paraspeckle Bodies Modulate HIV-1 Posttranscriptional Expression
TL;DR: The knockdown of NEAT1 enhances virus production through increased nucleus-to-cytoplasm export of Rev-dependent instability element (INS)-containing HIV-1 mRNAs as well as identifying the nuclear paraspeckle body as another important subcellular organelle for HIV- 1 replication.
Journal ArticleDOI
Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs
Richard E. Green,Edward L. Braun,Joel Armstrong,Dent Earl,Ngan Nguyen,Glenn Hickey,Michael W. Vandewege,John St. John,Salvador Capella-Gutierrez,Todd A. Castoe,Todd A. Castoe,Colin Kern,Matthew K. Fujita,Juan C. Opazo,Jerzy Jurka,Kenji K. Kojima,Juan Caballero,Robert Hubley,Arian F.A. Smit,Roy N. Platt,Christine A. Lavoie,Meganathan P. Ramakodi,John W. Finger,Alexander Suh,Alexander Suh,Sally R. Isberg,Lee G. Miles,Amanda Y. Chong,Weerachai Jaratlerdsiri,Jaime Gongora,Chris Moran,Andrés Iriarte,John E. McCormack,Shane C. Burgess,Scott V. Edwards,Eric Lyons,Christina L. Williams,Matthew Breen,Jason T. Howard,Cathy R. Gresham,Daniel G. Peterson,Juergen Schmitz,David D. Pollock,David Haussler,David Haussler,Eric W. Triplett,Guojie Zhang,Naoki Irie,Erich D. Jarvis,Christopher A. Brochu,Carl J. Schmidt,Fiona M. McCarthy,Brant C. Faircloth,Brant C. Faircloth,Federico G. Hoffmann,Travis C. Glenn,Toni Gabaldón,Toni Gabaldón,Benedict Paten,David A. Ray,David A. Ray +60 more
TL;DR: An exceptionally slow rate of genome evolution within crocodilians at all levels is observed, consistent with a single underlying cause of a reduced rate of evolutionary change rather than intrinsic differences in base repair machinery.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical synthesis of proteins.
TL;DR: The chemical synthesis of proteins is providing previously unattainable insight into the structure and function of proteins, enabling a level of control on protein composition that greatly exceeds that attainable with ribosome-mediated biosynthesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tools for Sequence-Based miRNA Target Prediction: What to Choose?
TL;DR: The biological fundamentals of these prediction tools are described, the main sequence-based algorithms are characterized, and some insights into their uses by biologists are offered.
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TL;DR: Comparative genomic analysis indicates vertebrate expansions of genes associated with neuronal function, with tissue-specific developmental regulation, and with the hemostasis and immune systems are indicated.
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Identification of common molecular subsequences.
TL;DR: This letter extends the heuristic homology algorithm of Needleman & Wunsch (1970) to find a pair of segments, one from each of two long sequences, such that there is no other Pair of segments with greater similarity (homology).
Journal ArticleDOI
Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome
Stephen Anderson,Alan T. Bankier,Bart Barrell,M.H.L. de Bruijn,Alan Coulson,J. Drouin,J. Drouin,Ian C. Eperon,Donald P. Nierlich,Donald P. Nierlich,Bruce A. Roe,Bruce A. Roe,Frederick Sanger,P. H. Schreier,Andrew J.H. Smith,Rodger Staden,Ian G. Young,Ian G. Young +17 more
TL;DR: The complete sequence of the 16,569-base pair human mitochondrial genome is presented and shows extreme economy in that the genes have none or only a few noncoding bases between them, and in many cases the termination codons are not coded in the DNA but are created post-transcriptionally by polyadenylation of the mRNAs.
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