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Journal ArticleDOI

MAP kinase kinase kinase, MAP kinase kinase and MAP kinase.

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TLDR
Recent advances have shown that in two MAP kinase pathways (the mating response pathway in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and receptor tyrosine kinase signalling), the small GTP binding protein ras p21 links membrane events to kinase pathway activation.
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This article is published in Current Opinion in Genetics & Development.The article was published on 1994-02-01. It has received 987 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: MAP kinase kinase kinase & Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase.

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Dermal fibroblasts derived from fetal and postnatal humans exhibit distinct responses to insulin like growth factors

TL;DR: The mitogenic response of fetal cells to both IGF-I and -II is much lower than that seen in postnatal dermal fibroblasts, which may relate to the developmental transition in cutaneous wound healing from regeneration to fibrosis.
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Differential and region-specific activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases following chronic administration of phencyclidine in rat brain.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that chronic infusion of PCP in rats produces a differential and brain region-specific activation of MAP kinases, suggesting a role for the ERK signaling pathway in PCP abuse and perhaps in schizophrenia.
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Alcohol and Indinavir Adversely Affect Protein Synthesis and Phosphorylation of MAPK and mTOR Signaling Pathways in C2C12 Myocytes

TL;DR: Ethanol and Ind decreased protein synthesis in myocytes and this response was associated with changes in the phosphorylation of proteins that regulate translation initiation and elongation.
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Repression of mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/ERK2 activity by a protein tyrosine phosphatase in rat fibroblasts transformed by upstream oncoproteins.

TL;DR: Investigation of the regulation of the ERK pathway in Rat1 fibroblasts transformed with activated c‐Raf‐1 (Raf22W), v‐Ha‐Ras, and v‐Src concludes that ERK1/ERK2 activity is repressed by a single‐specificity tyrosine phosphatase in oncogene‐transformed rat fibro Blasts.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Mammalian Ras interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase Raf

TL;DR: Raf interacts with wild-type and activated Ras, but not with an effector domain mutant of Ras or with a dominant-interfering Ras mutant, and this interaction is dependent on GTP bound to Ras.
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ERKs: A family of protein-serine/threonine kinases that are activated and tyrosine phosphorylated in response to insulin and NGF

TL;DR: Cl cloning and characterization of two ERK1-related kinases, ERK2 and ERK3, are described and evidence suggesting that there are additional ERK family members is provided, which may serve as intermediates that depend on tyrosine phosphorylation to activate serine/threonineosphorylation cascades.
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cPLA2 is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase.

TL;DR: Treatment of cells with agents that stimulate the release of arachidonic acid causes increased serine phosphorylation and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2).
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Phosphorylation of c- jun mediated by MAP kinases

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that mitogen-activated protein-serine (MAP) kinases (pp54 and pp42/44) specifically phosphorylate these sites and that their phosphorylation positively regulates the transacting activity of c-jun.
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Raf-1 activates MAP kinase-kinase.

TL;DR: Results indicate that c-Raf-1 is an immediate upstream activator of MAPK-K in vivo, the first physiological substrate of the c-raf-l protooncogene product to be identified.
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