Journal ArticleDOI
Schwann cell-derived exosomes enhance axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.
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TLDR
It is proposed that SC exosomes represent an important mechanism by which these cells locally support axonal maintenance and regeneration after nerve damage.Abstract:
Axonal regeneration in the peripheral nervous system is greatly supported by Schwann cells (SCs). After nerve injury, SCs dedifferentiate to a progenitor-like state and efficiently guide axons to their original target tissues. Contact and soluble factors participate in the crosstalk between SCs and axons during axonal regeneration. Here we show that dedifferentiated SCs secrete nano-vesicles known as exosomes which are specifically internalized by axons. Surprisingly, SC-derived exosomes markedly increase axonal regeneration in vitro and enhance regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in vivo. Exosomes shift the growth cone morphology to a pro-regenerating phenotype and decrease the activity of the GTPase RhoA, involved in growth cone collapse and axon retraction. Altogether, our work identifies a novel mechanism by which SCs communicate with neighboring axons during regenerative processes. We propose that SC exosomes represent an important mechanism by which these cells locally support axonal maintenance and regeneration after nerve damage. GLIA 2013;61:1795–1806read more
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Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions
María Yáñez-Mó,Pia Siljander,Zoraida Andreu,Apolonija Bedina Zavec,Francesc E. Borràs,Edit I. Buzás,Krisztina Buzas,Krisztina Buzas,Enriqueta Casal,Francesco Cappello,Joana Carvalho,Joana Carvalho,Eva Colas,Anabela Cordeiro da Silva,Anabela Cordeiro da Silva,Stefano Fais,Juan M. Falcón-Pérez,Irene M. Ghobrial,Bernd Giebel,Mario Gimona,Mario Gimona,Michael W. Graner,Ihsan Gursel,Mayda Gursel,Niels H. H. Heegaard,Niels H. H. Heegaard,An Hendrix,Peter Kierulf,Katsutoshi Kokubun,Maja Kosanović,Veronika Kralj-Iglič,Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers,Saara Laitinen,Cecilia Lässer,Thomas Lener,Thomas Lener,Erzsébet Ligeti,Aija Linē,Georg Lipps,Alicia Llorente,Jan Lötvall,Mateja Manček-Keber,Antonio Marcilla,María Mittelbrunn,Irina Nazarenko,Esther N. M. Nolte-‘t Hoen,Tuula A. Nyman,Lorraine O'Driscoll,Mireia Olivan,Carla Oliveira,Carla Oliveira,Éva Pállinger,Hernando A. del Portillo,Hernando A. del Portillo,Jaume Reventós,Jaume Reventós,Marina Rigau,Eva Rohde,Eva Rohde,Marei Sammar,Francisco Sánchez-Madrid,Nuno Santarém,Nuno Santarém,Katharina Schallmoser,Katharina Schallmoser,Marie Stampe Ostenfeld,Willem Stoorvogel,Roman Štukelj,Susanne G. van der Grein,M. Helena Vasconcelos,M. Helena Vasconcelos,Marca H. M. Wauben,Olivier De Wever +72 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the physiological roles of EVs is provided, drawing on the unique EV expertise of academia-based scientists, clinicians and industry based in 27 European countries, the United States and Australia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Applying extracellular vesicles based therapeutics in clinical trials - an ISEV position paper
Thomas Lener,Mario Gimona,Ludwig Aigner,Verena Börger,Edit I. Buzás,Giovanni Camussi,Nathalie Chaput,Devasis Chatterjee,Felipe A. Court,Hernando A. del Portillo,Lorraine O'Driscoll,Stefano Fais,Juan M. Falcón-Pérez,Ursula Felderhoff-Mueser,Lorenzo Fraile,Yong Song Gho,André Görgens,Ramesh C. Gupta,An Hendrix,Dirk M. Hermann,Andrew F. Hill,Fred H. Hochberg,Peter A. Horn,Dominique P.V. de Kleijn,Lambros Kordelas,Boris W. Kramer,Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers,Sandra Laner-Plamberger,Saara Laitinen,Tommaso Leonardi,Magdalena J. Lorenowicz,Sai Kiang Lim,Jan Lötvall,Casey A. Maguire,Antonio Marcilla,Irina Nazarenko,Takahiro Ochiya,Tushar Patel,Shona Pedersen,Gabriella Pocsfalvi,Stefano Pluchino,Peter J. Quesenberry,Ilona G. Reischl,Francisco J. Rivera,Ralf Sanzenbacher,Katharina Schallmoser,Ineke Slaper-Cortenbach,Dirk Strunk,Torsten Tonn,Pieter Vader,Pieter Vader,Bas W.M. van Balkom,Marca H. M. Wauben,Samir El Andaloussi,Samir El Andaloussi,Clotilde Théry,Eva Rohde,Bernd Giebel +57 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize recent developments and the current knowledge of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and discuss safety and regulatory requirements that must be considered for pharmaceutical manufacturing and clinical application.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extracellular Vesicles: Unique Intercellular Delivery Vehicles.
TL;DR: This review focuses on recent findings and knowledge gaps in the area of EV biogenesis, release, and uptake and highlights examples whereby EV cargoes control basic cellular functions, including motility and polarization, immune responses, and development, and contribute to diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Myelination of the nervous system: mechanisms and functions
Klaus-Armin Nave,Hauke B. Werner +1 more
TL;DR: Recent advances in the understanding of myelin biogenesis, its lifelong plasticity, and the reciprocal interactions of myelinating glia with the axons they ensheath are highlighted.
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Extracellular vesicles round off communication in the nervous system
TL;DR: These extracellular vesicle functions add a previously unrecognized level of complexity to transcellular interactions within the nervous system.
References
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