Journal ArticleDOI
The immunology of asthma
Bart N. Lambrecht,Hamida Hammad +1 more
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TLDR
Results from in-depth molecular studies of mouse models in light of the results from the first clinical trials targeting key cytokines in humans are discussed and the extraordinary heterogeneity of asthma is described.Abstract:
Asthma is a common disease that affects 300 million people worldwide. Given the large number of eosinophils in the airways of people with mild asthma, and verified by data from murine models, asthma was long considered the hallmark T helper type 2 (T(H)2) disease of the airways. It is now known that some asthmatic inflammation is neutrophilic, controlled by the T(H)17 subset of helper T cells, and that some eosinophilic inflammation is controlled by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2 cells) acting together with basophils. Here we discuss results from in-depth molecular studies of mouse models in light of the results from the first clinical trials targeting key cytokines in humans and describe the extraordinary heterogeneity of asthma.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Improving the diagnosis of eosinophilic asthma.
Hanneke Coumou,Elisabeth H. Bel +1 more
TL;DR: The results of large trials using ‘omics’ technologies will certainly identify new, more ‘upstream’ biomarkers of eosinophilic inflammation, that will ultimately lead to the ideal targeted treatment for patients with eos inophilic asthma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Streptomycin treatment alters the intestinal microbiome, pulmonary T cell profile and airway hyperresponsiveness in a cystic fibrosis mouse model
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that streptomycin treatment reduced the intestinal bacterial overgrowth in Cftrtm1UNC mice and altered the intestinal microbiome similarly in CFC and wild-type mice, principally by affecting Lactobacillus levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of obesity on asthma: immunometabolic links.
Sarah Miethe,Maria Guarino,Fahd Alhamdan,Hans-Uwe Simon,Harald Renz,Jean-François Dufour,Daniel P. Potaczek,Holger Garn +7 more
TL;DR: Despite a substantial increase in knowledge on the mechanisms mediating the effects of obesity on the development of asthma in several recent years, still much needs to be done, especially on the molecular level.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Influence of the Microbiome on Early-Life Severe Viral Lower Respiratory Infections and Asthma-Food for Thought?
Jason P. Lynch,Al Amin Sikder,Bodie F. Curren,Rhiannon B. Werder,Jennifer Simpson,Páraic Ó Cuív,Paul G. Dennis,Mark L. Everard,Simon Phipps +8 more
TL;DR: Recent insights describing the effects of the microbiota on immune system homeostasis and respiratory disease are reviewed and the environmental factors that promote microbial dysbiosis in infancy are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Prevalence of Subtypes of Type 2 Inflammation in an Unselected Population of Patients with Severe Asthma.
TL;DR: The majority of patients with severe asthma showed at least one T2 inflammatory trait, and co-expression of T2 biomarkers was highly heterogeneous, and different expression patterns were associated with distinct clinical characteristics.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Predominant TH2-like bronchoalveolar T-lymphocyte population in atopic asthma
Douglas S. Robinson,Qutayba Hamid,Sun Ying,Anne Tsicopoulos,J. Barkans,Andrew Bentley,Christopher Corrigan,Stephen R. Durham,A. B. Kay +8 more
TL;DR: Atopic asthma is associated with activation in the bronchi of the interleukin-3, 4, and 5 and GM-CSF gene cluster, a pattern compatible with predominant activation of the TH2-like T-cell population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukin-13: Central Mediator of Allergic Asthma
Marsha Wills-Karp,Jackie Luyimbazi,Xueying Xu,Brian Schofield,Tamlyn Neben,Christopher L. Karp,Debra D. Donaldson +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the type 2 cytokine IL-13, which shares a receptor component and signaling pathways with IL-4, was found to be necessary and sufficient for the expression of allergic asthma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Eosinophilic inflammation in asthma.
Jean Bousquet,Pascal Chanez,J.-Y. Lacoste,G. Barneon,N Ghavanian,I. Enander,Per Venge,Staffan Ahlstedt,J Simony-Lafontaine,P. Godard +9 more
TL;DR: Eosinophilic inflammation of the airways is correlated with the severity of asthma and these cells are likely to play a part in the epithelial damage seen in this disease.
Journal Article
Interleukin-13: Central mediator of allergic asthma
Marsha Wills-Karp,Jackie Luyimbazi,Xueying Xu,Brian Schofield,Tamlyn Neben,Christopher L. Karp,Debra D. Donaldson +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the type 2 cytokine IL-13, which shares a receptor component and signaling pathways with IL-4, was found to be necessary and sufficient for the expression of allergic asthma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asthma phenotypes: the evolution from clinical to molecular approaches
TL;DR: Ongoing studies of large-scale, molecularly and genetically focused and extensively clinically characterized cohorts of asthma should enhance the ability to molecularly understand these phenotypes and lead to more targeted and personalized approaches to asthma therapy.
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