Journal ArticleDOI
The immunology of asthma
Bart N. Lambrecht,Hamida Hammad +1 more
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TLDR
Results from in-depth molecular studies of mouse models in light of the results from the first clinical trials targeting key cytokines in humans are discussed and the extraordinary heterogeneity of asthma is described.Abstract:
Asthma is a common disease that affects 300 million people worldwide. Given the large number of eosinophils in the airways of people with mild asthma, and verified by data from murine models, asthma was long considered the hallmark T helper type 2 (T(H)2) disease of the airways. It is now known that some asthmatic inflammation is neutrophilic, controlled by the T(H)17 subset of helper T cells, and that some eosinophilic inflammation is controlled by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2 cells) acting together with basophils. Here we discuss results from in-depth molecular studies of mouse models in light of the results from the first clinical trials targeting key cytokines in humans and describe the extraordinary heterogeneity of asthma.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Intestinal Dysbiosis Featuring Abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus Associates With Allergic Diseases in Infants
Huey-Huey Chua,Hung-Chieh Chou,Ya-Ling Tung,Bor-Luen Chiang,Chien-Chia Liao,Hong-Hsing Liu,Yen-Hsuan Ni +6 more
TL;DR: Development of allergies, particularly respiratory allergies, is associated with increased fecal abundance of R gnavus, and was associated with respiratory allergies or respiratory allergies coexistent with atopic eczema.
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Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of the T Helper Cell Response to House Dust Mites Defines a Distinct Gene Expression Signature in Airway Th2 Cells.
Christopher A. Tibbitt,Julian M. Stark,Liesbet Martens,Junjie Ma,Jeff E. Mold,Kim Deswarte,Ganna Oliynyk,Xiaogang Feng,Bart N. Lambrecht,Pieter De Bleser,Susanne Nylén,Hamida Hammad,Marie Henriksson,Yvan Saeys,Jonathan M. Coquet +14 more
TL;DR: Single-cell RNA sequencing is performed of T helper cells from lymph node, lung, and airways in the house dust mite model of allergic airway disease to provide insight into the differentiation of pathogenic Th2 cells in the context of allergy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Targeting cell signaling in allergic asthma
TL;DR: Therapeutic drugs can be designed to target one or more of these pathways to treat asthma, and the potential molecular pathways that can be targeted include IL-4-IL-13-JAK-STAT-MAP kinases.
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Regulation of Bronchial Epithelial Barrier Integrity by Type 2 Cytokines and Histone Deacetylases in Asthmatic Patients
Paulina Wawrzyniak,Marcin Wawrzyniak,Kerstin Wanke,Milena Sokolowska,Krešo Bendelja,Beate Rückert,Anna Głobińska,Bogdan Jakiela,Jeannette I. Kast,Marco Idzko,Mübeccel Akdis,Marek Sanak,Cezmi A. Akdis +12 more
TL;DR: The data demonstrate that barrier leakiness in asthmatic patients is induced by TH2 cells, IL‐4, and IL‐13 and HDAC activity, which improved barrier integrity through increased synthesis of TJ molecules in epithelium from astHmatic patients to the level seen in HBECs from control subjects.
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Precision medicine in airway diseases: moving to clinical practice
Alvar Agusti,Mona Bafadhel,Richard Beasley,Elisabeth H. Bel,Rosa Faner,Peter G. Gibson,Renaud Louis,Vanessa M. McDonald,Peter J. Sterk,Mike Thomas,Claus Vogelmeier,Ian D. Pavord +11 more
TL;DR: The need for a new taxonomy of human diseases, the role of different players in this scenario (exposome, genes, endotypes, phenotypes, biomarkers and treatable traits) and a number of unanswered key questions in the field are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Predominant TH2-like bronchoalveolar T-lymphocyte population in atopic asthma
Douglas S. Robinson,Qutayba Hamid,Sun Ying,Anne Tsicopoulos,J. Barkans,Andrew Bentley,Christopher Corrigan,Stephen R. Durham,A. B. Kay +8 more
TL;DR: Atopic asthma is associated with activation in the bronchi of the interleukin-3, 4, and 5 and GM-CSF gene cluster, a pattern compatible with predominant activation of the TH2-like T-cell population.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukin-13: Central Mediator of Allergic Asthma
Marsha Wills-Karp,Jackie Luyimbazi,Xueying Xu,Brian Schofield,Tamlyn Neben,Christopher L. Karp,Debra D. Donaldson +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the type 2 cytokine IL-13, which shares a receptor component and signaling pathways with IL-4, was found to be necessary and sufficient for the expression of allergic asthma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Eosinophilic inflammation in asthma.
Jean Bousquet,Pascal Chanez,J.-Y. Lacoste,G. Barneon,N Ghavanian,I. Enander,Per Venge,Staffan Ahlstedt,J Simony-Lafontaine,P. Godard +9 more
TL;DR: Eosinophilic inflammation of the airways is correlated with the severity of asthma and these cells are likely to play a part in the epithelial damage seen in this disease.
Journal Article
Interleukin-13: Central mediator of allergic asthma
Marsha Wills-Karp,Jackie Luyimbazi,Xueying Xu,Brian Schofield,Tamlyn Neben,Christopher L. Karp,Debra D. Donaldson +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the type 2 cytokine IL-13, which shares a receptor component and signaling pathways with IL-4, was found to be necessary and sufficient for the expression of allergic asthma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asthma phenotypes: the evolution from clinical to molecular approaches
TL;DR: Ongoing studies of large-scale, molecularly and genetically focused and extensively clinically characterized cohorts of asthma should enhance the ability to molecularly understand these phenotypes and lead to more targeted and personalized approaches to asthma therapy.
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