Journal ArticleDOI
The immunology of asthma
Bart N. Lambrecht,Hamida Hammad +1 more
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TLDR
Results from in-depth molecular studies of mouse models in light of the results from the first clinical trials targeting key cytokines in humans are discussed and the extraordinary heterogeneity of asthma is described.Abstract:
Asthma is a common disease that affects 300 million people worldwide. Given the large number of eosinophils in the airways of people with mild asthma, and verified by data from murine models, asthma was long considered the hallmark T helper type 2 (T(H)2) disease of the airways. It is now known that some asthmatic inflammation is neutrophilic, controlled by the T(H)17 subset of helper T cells, and that some eosinophilic inflammation is controlled by type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2 cells) acting together with basophils. Here we discuss results from in-depth molecular studies of mouse models in light of the results from the first clinical trials targeting key cytokines in humans and describe the extraordinary heterogeneity of asthma.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Barrier Epithelial Cells and the Control of Type 2 Immunity
TL;DR: The general mechanisms of how different stimuli trigger type-2-cell-mediated immunity at mucosal barriers are reviewed and how this leads to protection or disease are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukins (from IL-1 to IL-38), interferons, transforming growth factor β, and TNF-α: Receptors, functions, and roles in diseases
Mübeccel Akdis,Alar Aab,Can Altunbulakli,Kursat A Azkur,Rita Costa,Reto Crameri,Su Duan,Thomas Eiwegger,Andrzej Eljaszewicz,Ruth Ferstl,Remo Frei,Mattia Garbani,Anna Głobińska,Lena Hess,Carly Huitema,Terufumi Kubo,Zsolt István Komlósi,Patricia Konieczna,Nóra Kovács,Umut Can Kucuksezer,Norbert Meyer,Hideaki Morita,Judith Olzhausen,Liam O'Mahony,Marija Pezer,Moira Prati,Ana Rebane,Claudio Rhyner,Arturo Rinaldi,Milena Sokolowska,Barbara Stanic,Kazunari Sugita,Angela Treis,Willem van de Veen,Kerstin Wanke,Marcin Wawrzyniak,Paulina Wawrzyniak,Oliver F. Wirz,Josefina Zakzuk,Cezmi A. Akdis +39 more
TL;DR: Recent developments on IL-1 to IL-38, TNF-α, TGF-β, and interferons are reviewed and their cellular sources, targets, receptors, signaling pathways, and roles in immune regulation in patients with allergy and asthma and other inflammatory diseases are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Cytokines of Asthma
TL;DR: The cytokine networks driving asthma are reviewed, placing these in cellular context and incorporating insights from cytokine-targeting therapies in the clinic, to argue that the development of new and improved therapeutics will require understanding the diverse mechanisms underlying the spectrum of asthma pathologies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Farm dust and endotoxin protect against allergy through A20 induction in lung epithelial cells
Martijn J. Schuijs,Monique Willart,Karl Vergote,Delphine Gras,Kim Deswarte,Markus J. Ege,Filipe Branco Madeira,Rudi Beyaert,Geert van Loo,Franz Bracher,Erika von Mutius,Pascal Chanez,Bart N. Lambrecht,Bart N. Lambrecht,Hamida Hammad +14 more
TL;DR: It is shown that chronic exposure to low-dose endotoxin or farm dust protects mice from developing house dust mite–induced asthma, and a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the gene encoding A20 was associated with allergy and asthma risk in children growing up on farms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Macrophage polarization in pathology.
TL;DR: Functional skewing of monocyte/macrophage polarization occurs in physiological conditions as well as in pathology and is now considered a key determinant of disease development and/or regression.
References
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IL-33–Responsive Lineage−CD25+CD44hi Lymphoid Cells Mediate Innate Type 2 Immunity and Allergic Inflammation in the Lungs
Kathleen R. Bartemes,Koji Iijima,Takao Kobayashi,Gail M. Kephart,Andrew N. J. McKenzie,Hirohito Kita +5 more
TL;DR: A subset of innate immune cells that responds to IL-33 and vigorously produces Th2-type cytokines is present in mouse lungs, which may provide a novel mechanism for type 2 immunity in the airways and induction of allergic airway diseases such as asthma.
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