The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2.
Kristian G. Andersen,Kristian G. Andersen,Andrew Rambaut,W. Ian Lipkin,Edward C. Holmes,Robert F. Garry +5 more
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TLDR
It is shown that SARS-CoV-2 is not a laboratory construct or a purposefully manipulated virus, and scenarios by which they could have arisen are discussed.Abstract:
SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans; SARSCoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe disease, whereas HKU1, NL63, OC43 and 229E are associated with mild symptoms6. Here we review what can be deduced about the origin of SARS-CoV-2 from comparative analysis of genomic data. We offer a perspective on the notable features of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and discuss scenarios by which they could have arisen. Our analyses clearly show that SARS-CoV-2 is not a laboratory construct or a purposefully manipulated virus.read more
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Methotrexate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 virus replication "in vitro".
Arnaldo Caruso,Francesca Caccuri,Antonella Bugatti,Alberto Zani,Marco Vanoni,Paolo Bonfanti,Marina Elena Cazzaniga,Carlo Federico Perno,Cristina Messa,Lilia Alberghina +9 more
TL;DR: It is shown that methotrexate, an FDA‐approved inhibitor of purine biosynthesis, potently inhibits viral RNA replication, viral protein synthesis, and virus release, similar to those used for established human therapies using the same drug.
Posted ContentDOI
Sequencing identifies multiple, early introductions of SARS-CoV2 to New York City Region
Matthew T. Maurano,Sitharam Ramaswami,Gael Westby,Paul Zappile,Dacia Dimartino,Guomiao Shen,Xiaojun Feng,André M. Ribeiro-dos-Santos,Nicholas A. Vulpescu,Margaret Black,Megan S. Hogan,Christian Marier,Peter Meyn,Yutong Zhang,John Cadley,Raquel Ordoñez,Raven Luther,Emily P. Huang,Emily Guzman,Antonio Serrano,Brendan Belovarac,Tatyana Gindin,Andrew Lytle,Jared Pinnell,Theodore Vougiouklakis,Ludovic Boytard,John J. Chen,Lawrence Hsu Lin,Amy Rapkiewicz,Vanessa Raabe,Marie I. Samanovic-Golden,George Jour,Iman Osman,Maria E Aguero-Rosenfeld,Mark J. Mulligan,Paolo Cotzia,Matija Snuderl,Adriana Heguy +37 more
TL;DR: Analysis of 864 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from cases in the New York City metropolitan area during the COVID-19 outbreak in Spring 2020 showed that early transmission was most linked to cases from Europe.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structures and dynamics of the novel S1/S2 protease cleavage site loop of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein
Thomas Lemmin,Thomas Lemmin,David Kalbermatter,Daniel Harder,Philippe Plattet,Dimitrios Fotiadis +5 more
TL;DR: In this study, multi-microsecond molecular dynamics simulations and ab initio modeling were leveraged to gain insights into the structures and dynamics of the loop containing the S1/S2 protease cleavage site and unveiled distinct conformations, formations of short helices and interactions of theloop with neighboring glycans that could potentially regulate the accessibility of the Cleavage site to proteases and its processing.
Journal ArticleDOI
Emerging antibody-based therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 during the global pandemic
Yaping Sun,Mitchell Ho +1 more
TL;DR: This review outlines the development of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on discussing various antibody discovery strategies (animal immunization, phage display and B cell cloning), describing binding epitopes and comparing neutralizing activities.
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Clinical course and risk factors for recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA: a retrospective cohort study from Wuhan, China.
Jie Chen,Xiaoping Xu,Jing Hu,Qiangda Chen,Fengfeng Xu,Hui Liang,Nanmei Liu,Hengmei Zhu,Jinlong Lan,Lan Zhou,Jiajun Xing,Ning Pu,Zhigang Cai +12 more
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the balance between immune response and virus toxicity may be the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon and a prolonged observation and additional preventative measures should be implemented for at least 50 days after illness onset to prevent future outbreaks.
References
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Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Chaolin Huang,Yeming Wang,Xingwang Li,Lili Ren,Jianping Zhao,Yi Hu,Li Zhang,Guohui Fan,Jiuyang Xu,Xiaoying Gu,Zhenshun Cheng,Ting Yu,Jia'an Xia,Yuan Wei,Wenjuan Wu,Xuelei Xie,Wen Yin,Li Hui,Min Liu,Yan Xiao,Hong Gao,Li Guo,Jungang Xie,Guang-Fa Wang,Rongmeng Jiang,Zhancheng Gao,Qi Jin,Jianwei Wang,Bin Cao +28 more
TL;DR: The epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection in Wuhan, China, were reported.
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A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Peng Zhou,Xing-Lou Yang,Xian Guang Wang,Ben Hu,Lei Zhang,Wei Zhang,Hao Rui Si,Yan Zhu,Bei Li,Chao Lin Huang,Hui-Dong Chen,Jing Chen,Yun Luo,Hua Guo,Ren Di Jiang,Meiqin Liu,Ying Chen,Xu Rui Shen,Xi Wang,Xiao Shuang Zheng,Kai Zhao,Quanjiao Chen,Fei Deng,Lin Lin Liu,Bing Yan,Fa Xian Zhan,Yan-Yi Wang,Gengfu Xiao,Zhengli Shi +28 more
TL;DR: Identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China, and it is shown that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV, indicates that the virus is related to a bat coronav virus.
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A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China.
Fan Wu,Su Zhao,Bin Yu,Yan-Mei Chen,Wen Wang,Zhi gang Song,Yi Hu,Zhao Wu Tao,Jun Hua Tian,Yuan Yuan Pei,Ming Li Yuan,Yu Ling Zhang,Fa Hui Dai,Yi Liu,Qi Min Wang,Jiao Jiao Zheng,Lin Xu,Edward C. Holmes,Edward C. Holmes,Yong-Zhen Zhang,Yong-Zhen Zhang +20 more
TL;DR: Phylogenetic and metagenomic analyses of the complete viral genome of a new coronavirus from the family Coronaviridae reveal that the virus is closely related to a group of SARS-like coronaviruses found in bats in China.
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An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time.
TL;DR: The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has induced a considerable degree of fear, emotional stress and anxiety among individuals around the world.
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Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation.
Daniel Wrapp,Nianshuang Wang,Kizzmekia S. Corbett,Jory A. Goldsmith,Ching-Lin Hsieh,Olubukola M. Abiona,Barney S. Graham,Jason S. McLellan +7 more
TL;DR: The authors show that this protein binds at least 10 times more tightly than the corresponding spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)–CoV to their common host cell receptor, and test several published SARS-CoV RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies found that they do not have appreciable binding to 2019-nCoV S, suggesting that antibody cross-reactivity may be limited between the two RBDs.
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